A most used structural material, mild steel which is prone to catastrophic failure is studied to enhance the surface properties with the application of NiTi using atmospheric plasma spray (APS) technique. Near equiatomic Ni-Ti composition is popular for its shape memory effect and superelastic behaviour. In this
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a widely used bioceramic known for its chemical similarity with that of bone and teeth (Ca/P ratio of 1.67). But, owing to its extreme brittleness, a-Al 2 O 3 is reinforced with HA and processed as a coating via pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Reinforcement of a-Al 2 O 3 (50 wt.%) in HA via PLD on 316L steel substrate has shown modulus increase by 4% and hardness increase by 78%, and an improved adhesion strength of 14.2 N (improvement by 118%). Micro-scratching has shown an increase in the coefficient-of-friction from 0.05 (pure HA) to 0.17 (with 50 wt.% Al 2 O 3 ) with enhancement in the crack propagation resistance (CPR) up to 4.5 times. Strong adherence of PLD HA-Al 2 O 3 coatings ($4.5 times than that of HA coating) is attributed to efficient release of stored tensile strain energy ($17 9 10 À3 J/m 2 ) in HA-Al 2 O 3 composites, making it a potential damagetolerant bone-replacement surface coating.
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