The low-and-middle-income country (LMIC) context is volatile, uncertain and resource-constrained. India, an LMIC, has put up a complex response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using an analytic approach, we have described India’s response to combat the pandemic during the initial months (from 17 January to 20 April 2020). India issued travel advisories and implemented graded international border controls between January and March 2020. By early March, cases started to surge. States scaled up movement restrictions. On 25 March, India went into a nationwide lockdown to ramp up preparedness. The lockdown uncovered contextual vulnerabilities and stimulated countermeasures. India leveraged existing legal frameworks, institutional mechanisms and administrative provisions to respond to the pandemic. Nevertheless, the cross-sectoral impact of the initial combat was intense and is potentially long-lasting. The country could have further benefited from evidence-based policy and planning attuned to local needs and vulnerabilities. Experience from India offers insights to nations, especially LMICs, on the need to have contextualised pandemic response plans.
Background: India is largely a rural nation. The prevalence of diabetes in the rural areas is increasing. The prevalence data is mainly available for urban areas and insufficient data is available for rural areas. Aims and objectives: To estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in rural areas of Hubli taluk, Karnataka, India and also to assess the risk factors associated.Methods: One village was selected randomly in the taluk. Information was gathered on demographics, personal history, past history, family history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, life style practices and other parameters pertinent to the study objectives. Blood pressure was recorded and anthropometric data was collected. FBS was recorded and WHO criteria was used for diagnosis. Results: 15.6% are known diabetic and 84.4% were non diabetic. According to IDRS risk scores, 6.4% subjects belonged to low risk category, 34.9% belonged to medium risk category and 58.7% belonged to high risk category. 11% of people were under weight, 40.4% were normal, 22% were overweight, 22.9% were pre obese and 3.7% are obese. 77.1% of people have normal FBS values, 8.3% had impaired glucose tolerance and 14.7% had impaired fasting glucose. There was significant difference in the mean FBS values (p=0.0001) and mean IDRS risk score (p=0.031) of Normal subjects, Pre-diabetics and Diabetics on ANOVA test.Conclusions: The total prevalence of Diabetes in the study was 22%. There was significant relationship between the family history of Diabetes among diabetics and non-diabetics (p=0.036).
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