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The immune activation and toxicity of fresh Cordyceps militaris extracts (HFCM) treated by high-pressure processing (HPP) were evaluated by spleen and thymus index, macrophages phagocytosis activity, lymphocyte proliferation, interleukin-2, interferon-γ level, and human kidney 293 cells, hepatic and kidney function, with the ultrasonic treatment as control (UFCM). The results showed the spleen and thymus index, macrophage function, lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2, and IFN-γ levels in HFCM groups were higher than that in UFCM groups by 11.45-12.43%, 11.52-13.95%, 8.92-11.05%, 8.98-9.23%, 9.3-12.66%, and 12.69-17.83%. HFCM was 21.97%, 21.5%, and 20.74% higher than UFCM in the contents of polysaccharide, cordycepin, and total flavonoids. HFCM showed no toxicity to the cell viability, kidney, and hepatic, while the cell viability in UFCM groups was decreased to 81.54%. So the HFCM was stronger than UFCM in immune activation with no toxicity, and can be used as fresh health food.

No abstract

The aim of this study was to isolate and identify antioxidative peptide from goose liver hydrolysate (GLHP) for ameliorating oxidative stress damage by alcohol in HHL-5 hepatocytes. In this research, the target antioxidative peptides in GLHP were separated, purified, and identified via a tangential flow ultrafiltration system combined with size exclusion chromatography (SEC), ion exchange chromatography (IEC), reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC), and LC-MS/MS. The results suggested that the amino acid sequence of the target antioxidative peptide for ameliorating alcohol-mediated oxidative stress damage in HHL-5 hepatocytes was Leu-Pro-Leu-Pro-Phe-Pro (LPLPFP), which had a molecular weight of 683.41 Da, and was derived from NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 in goose liver. In addition, LPLPFP was confirmed to have a satisfactory stability and maintained high hepatic protective activity in a simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Moreover, the mechanism of LPLPFP prevented against oxidative stress damage in HHL-5 hepatocytes was attributed to inhibiting the production of reactive oxide species (ROS) by upregulating genes expression in the Ahr-NQO1 signal pathway. In conclusion, these results indicated that dietary GLHP supplementation could ameliorate alcohol-mediated oxidative stress damage and provide an affordable dietary intervention strategy to prevent alcohol-mediated hepatocyte damage.

We have examined the physical properties and antioxidant activity of superfine powders of golden imperial Chrysanthemum prepared by eccentric vibratory grinding. The coarse powders (GSP-0, 43.33 µm) were processed for 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h by eccentric vibratory grinding to obtain the superfine powders GSP-1, GSP-2, and GSP-3, respectively. The scavenging capacity against hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals as well as the total antioxidant capacity were evaluated. The results showed that the particle sizes of GSP-1, GSP-2, and GSP-3 were 28.87, 27.52, and 11.58 µm, respectively. Moreover, GSP-1, GSP-2, and GSP-3 exhibited better physical properties and had higher antioxidant activity than GSP-0. Among these powders, GSP-3 was the best in terms of its physical properties and antioxidant activity. The results suggest that eccentric vibratory grinding is a great potential processing method for golden imperial Chrysanthemum in improving its application value.

This study was designed to isolate an anti-inflammatory activity oligopeptide from goose blood (GBP) for ameliorating LPS-mediated inflammation response and oxidative stress in RAW264.7 macrophages. In this study, GBP was isolated by tangential flow ultrafiltration system (TFUS) combined with size exclusion chromatography (SEC), ion exchange chromatography (IEC), and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC), and then identified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The experiment results indicated that the amino acid sequence of oligopeptide with the best anti-inflammatory activity was IIe-Val-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Thr-Gln-Arg (IVYPWTQR), which had a molecular weight of 1062.5720 Da, and was derived from haemoglobin subunit beta OS in goose blood. In addition, IVYPWTQR was confirmed to have satisfactory stability and maintained high anti-inflammatory activity in a simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The mechanism by which the IVYPWTQR protected against LPS-mediated inflammation response was attributed to downregulating the TLR4/NF-kB/iNOS pathway. Moreover, IVYPWTQR ameliorated oxidative stress damage in inflammatory state was attributed to activating antioxidant defence system, which was regulated by Keap-1/NRF2/HO-1 signalling pathway for decreasing the accumulation of reactive oxide species (ROS). In summary, these results indicated GBP could serve as a potential functional factor for prevention and improvement of inflammation mediated by LPS and provided an affordable dietary intervention strategy to prevent inflammation.

This spectral property of the fluorescent sensors were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The considered silver porphyrin (AgP) was selected as a representative dye for the theoretical study of the fluorescent sensors. The molecular structures of AgP and its complexes were optimized at B3LYP/LANL2DZ basis set. The calculated geometry structures, front-line molecular orbitals, absorption spectra, and electronic structures were analyzed to reveal the molecular reaction between AgP-based fluorescent sensors and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The energy gaps indicated that the efficient orders of AgP-based fluorescent sensor reacted with volatile organic compounds were shown as O2 < N2 < propane (L3) < propaldehyde (L5) < H2S < propanol (L2) < trimethylamine (L1) < ethyl acetate (L6) < butanone (L4). The calculated results all reveal that the AgP-based fluorescent sensor possesses significant changes (i.e., molecular structure, frontline molecular orbital, and absorption spectra) before and after reacting with volatile organic compounds, which are closely related to the selectivity and sensitivity property of AgP-based fluorescent sensor. Therefore, this study may be useful for the AgP-based fluorescent sensor in a special application region.

Highlights The experimental results showed that the grading accuracy of the intelligent grading system of Tremella fuciformis designed in the study was 97.07%. The grading speed designed in the study was five times that of manual grading. The grading system designed in the study can also be extended to classification fields of other edible fungi, fruits, and vegetables. It was proved by experiments that the system involved has high work efficiency and market value. Abstract. An intelligent grading system of dried Tremella fuciformis was designed to solve the problem of low intelligence in the course of production and processing of Tremella fuciformis in this study. The overall structure and working process of the grading system were described, and different grading standards were set according to the color, shape, size, and integrity of dried Tremella fuciformis. The image acquisition and image preprocessing of dried Tremella fuciformis were completed. The RGB model was used for the color feature extraction and recognition of dried Tremella fuciformis, and the diameter and integrity of dried Tremella fuciformis were judged by edge detection. A set of intelligent grading system of dried Tremella fuciformis was developed based on Microsoft Visual Studio 2017 platform. The experimental results showed that the grading accuracy of the grading system designed in the study was 97.07%, and the average grading speed was five times that of manual grading. It was better in reliability, speed, work efficiency, and robustness than the traditional manual grading. Keywords: Intelligent classification, Image recognition, Machine vision, Tremella fuciformis.