A:The ATLAS experiment at CERN is scheduled to replace the innermost station of its Muon Spectrometer in the forward region during its Phase-I upgrade in order to enhance the capabilities on triggering and tracking of high transverse momentum muons towards high luminosity LHC runs. The New Small Wheel (NSW), a completely new detector system to be built, is composed of two novel gaseous detectors: Micro-mesh Gaseous Structure (Micromegas) and the small-strip Thin Gap Chamber (sTGC). The sTGC sub-system is the primary trigger detector. It will be equipped with radiation-tolerant, low-latency electronics for reading out over 400,000 channels to identify the bunch crossing time of proton-proton collisions spaced by 25 ns, as well as to collect fine strip charge information for the charged track reconstruction. In this paper, we present the design and development of a set of Front-End Boards (FEBs) for the sTGC detector system. The major challenges in the design will be discussed. These include the accommodation of a few hundred readout channels per single board in a very constrained space, a tight requirement for the Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) protection of 130 nm ASICs, and customized analog input circuits to handle the high rate and high charge signals from the sTGC detectors. Moreover, the FEBs have to incorporate a few hundred parallel inter-chip links at 320 Mbps and several low-latency serial links operating at 4.8 Gbps for the Level-1 and trigger data readout. The characterization of the FEBs performance, both off-detector and on-detector, will be shown.
This paper presents the design and test of the readout electronics for Micromegas detector, which is developed for the future CEPC-TPC tracking system. The front-end electronics is based on the VMM3 chip, a 64-channel ASIC with high resolution of charge and time, which has been used in the readout system of both the Micromegas and sTGC detectors in the New Small Wheels Upgrade project. The test results show that the charge resolution and time resolution of the readout electronics connected to the Micromegas-TPC detector are measured to be 1.19 fC and 2.20 ns, respectively, and the position resolution and time resolution of the Micromegas-TPC detector are determined to be 142 μm and 18.4 ns, respectively.
Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs) are widely used as the photon
detector in high energy physics experiments for their fast response
and high sensitivity. High precision charge measurement is usually
required for PMT readout, and especially in cosmic ray experiments a
large dynamic range is also demanded. This paper describes an
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Application Specific Integrated
Circuit (ASIC), which aims to work with a front-end analog ASIC to
perform charge measurement based on the digital peak detection
method. This ADC design is based on the power-efficient Successive
Approximation Register (SAR) architecture, to achieve a 12-bit
resolution with a sampling rate of up to 30 MS/s. Test results
indicate that the Effective Number of Bits (ENOB) of this ADC is
better than 9.2 bits with a sampling rate of 30 MS/s.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.