A new single elemental heterostructure of black–red phosphorus was prepared, which exhibited high visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity comparable to that of CdS.

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The vibrational spectroscopy of monohydrated dihydrogen phosphate anions, H2PO4(-)(H2O), is studied in the O-H stretching (2700-3900 cm(-1)) and the fingerprint regions (600-1800 cm(-1)). Assignment of the experimental infrared multiple photon photodissociation spectra based on the predicted harmonic spectra of energetically low-lying 0 K structures is not conclusive. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the water molecule undergoes large amplitude motion, even at low internal temperatures, and that the dipole time correlation function qualitatively captures the anharmonic effects of the low-barrier isomerization reaction on the infrared intensities.

There has been much research investigating team cognition, naturalistic decision making, and collaborative technology as it relates to real world, complex domains of practice. However, there has been limited work in incorporating naturalistic decision making models for supporting distributed team decision making. The aim of this research is to support human decision making teams using cognitive agents empowered by a collaborative Recognition-Primed Decision model. In this paper, we first describe an RPDenabled agent architecture (R-CAST), in which we have implemented an internal mechanism of decision-making adaptation based on collaborative expectancy monitoring, and an information exchange mechanism driven by relevant cue analysis. We have evaluated R-CAST agents in a real-time simulation environment, feeding teams with frequent decisionmaking tasks under different tempo situations. While the result conforms to psychological findings that human team members are extremely sensitive to their workload in hightempo situations, it clearly indicates that human teams, when supported by R-CAST agents, can perform better in the sense that they can maintain team performance at acceptable levels in high time pressure situations.

The structural, mechanical and electronic properties of the MoSSe/WSSe van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure under various degrees of horizontal and vertical strain are systematically investigated based on first-principles methods.

We report infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectra of cryogenically-cooled H2PO4(-)(H2O)n anions (n = 2-12) in the spectral range of the stretching and bending modes of the solute anion (600-1800 cm(-1)). The spectra cannot be fully understood using the standard technique of comparison to harmonic spectra of minimum-energy structures; a satisfactory assignment requires considering anharmonic effects as well as entropy-driven hydrogen bond network fluctuations. Aided by finite temperature ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, the observed changes in the position, width and intensity of the IRMPD bands with cluster size are related to the sequence of microsolvation. Due to stronger hydrogen bonding to the two terminal P[double bond, length as m-dash]O groups, these are hydrated before the two P-OH groups. By n = 6, all four end groups are involved in the hydrogen bond network and by n = 12, the cluster spectra show similarities to the condensed phase spectrum of H2PO4(-)(aq). Our results reveal some of the microscopic details concerning the formation of the aqueous solvation environment around H2PO4(-), provide ample testing grounds for the design of model solvation potentials for this biologically relevant anion, and support a new paradigm for the interpretation of IRMPD spectra of microhydrated ions.

Team decision making under stress involving multiple contexts is an extremely challenging issue faced by various real world application domains. This research is targeted at coupling cognitive agent technology and human-centered teamwork to address the informational challenges associated with Command and Control (C2) teams in contemporary military operations. Two sets of experiments, each with various settings of context switching frequencies and tasking complexities, were conducted. To ensure that the human subjects were familiar with the C2 context, they were selected from US Army ROTC (Reserve Officer Training Corps) students. Experiments on C2 teams that involve human subjects only were conducted first. We observed the decision making behavior of human subjects and incorporated expert behaviors into R-CAST-an agent architecture built upon a naturalistic decision making model that captures how domain experts make decisions based on experiences and situational similarity recognition. We then conducted another set of experiments with R-CAST agents as teammates and decision aids for human subjects. The results show that RPD-enabled agents can significantly improve the tasking capacity of C2 teams in multi-context decision making under stress. It also suggests that higher demand situations require more competent teammates.

Abstract. To balance demand and supply of information, we propose a framework called "information supply chain" (ISC). This framework is based on supply chain management (SCM), which has been used in business management science. Both ISC and SCM aim to satisfy demand with high responsiveness and efficiency. ISC uses an information requirement planning (IRP) algorithm to reason, plan, and satisfy needers with useful information. We believe that ISC can not only unify existing information-sharing methods, but also produce new solutions that enable the right information to be delivered to the right recipients in the right way and at the right time. The Information Supply Chain FrameworkInformation-sharing refers to activities that distribute useful information among multiple entities (people, systems, or organizational units) in an open environment. Sharing information should consider four questions: 1) what to share, 2) whom to share with, 3) how to share, and 4) when to share. Better answering these questions can greatly improve information-sharing results: avoiding overload or deficiency, reducing sharing cost, and being more responsive. To address those questions and achieve better information-sharing results, we propose a framework called "information supply chain" or ISC.The ISC framework is based on studies of supply chain management (SCM), which has been widely used in management science. A supply chain fulfills its customer's demand by a network of companies, mainly including suppliers, manufactures, and distributors. Fig. 1a shows a typical supply chain. A supply chain has two primary targets: to balance demand and supply and to improve efficiency and responsiveness. These are also the primary goals for sharing information. We, therefore, envision that the well studied SCM framework can work for information-sharing.Similar to a supply chain, an information supply chain 1 (ISC) fulfills users' information requirements by a network of information-sharing agents (ISA) that gather, interpret, and satisfy the requirements with proper information. Fig. 1b shows an information supply chain. 1 An ISC is different from the information flow of a supply chain.