The use of a halogen bond donor to catalyze Friedel–Crafts reactions of indoles with a range of aldehydes and ketones to directly produce bis­(indolyl)­methanes, including the natural products arsindoline A, arundine, trisindoline, and vibrindole A, is reported. The bidentate catalyst used in these reactions proved to be more effective than a monondentate analogue, a thiourea commonly used as an organocatalyst, and even a trityl cation that has been used previously in the synthesis of bis­(indolyl)­methanes.

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With CoL2 as cocatalyst and eosin Y as sensitizer, the noble-metal-free heterogeneous CoL2/TiO2 system shows much efficient and more stable hydrogen evolution activity than that of the homogeneous system under visible light irradiation.

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Anti-PLA2R-AB with a cutoff value of 14 RU/ml based on the ELISA method plays an important role in the diagnosis of IMN.

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