Current methods for the early detection and minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring of urothelial carcinoma (UC) are invasive and/or possess suboptimal sensitivity. We developed an efficient workflow named urine tumor DNA multidimensional bioinformatic predictor (utLIFE). Using UC-specific mutations and large copy number variations, the utLIFE-UC model was developed on a bladder cancer cohort (n = 150) and validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) bladder cancer cohort (n = 674) and an upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) cohort (n = 22). The utLIFE-UC model could discriminate 92.8% of UCs with 96.0% specificity and was robustly validated in the BLCA_TCGA and UTUC cohorts. Furthermore, compared to cytology, utLIFE-UC improved the sensitivity of bladder cancer detection (p < 0.01). In the MRD cohort, utLIFE-UC could distinguish 100% of patients with residual disease, showing superior sensitivity compared to cytology (p < 0.01) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH, p < 0.05). This study shows that utLIFE-UC can be used to detect UC with high sensitivity and specificity in patients with early-stage cancer or MRD. The utLIFE-UC is a cost-effective, rapid, high-throughput, noninvasive, and promising approach that may reduce the burden of cystoscopy and blind surgery.
Numerous historical buildings exist in Shanxi Province, a major coal producing area in China, so there exist many overlapping areas between ancient wooden buildings and coal mining. Coal mining in overlapping areas will lead to surface subsidence, which will have an impact on historical buildings. Based on the distribution of historical buildings and the distribution and mining of coal resources in Shanxi Province, this paper concludes that the overlapping areas of coal mining and ancient wooden buildings in Shanxi Province are mainly concentrated in Changzhi City, and the Lu’an mining area in Changzhi City is selected as the research object. In addition, using the gray correlation analysis method, the surface subsidence coefficient, which characterizes the intensity of mining subsidence, is used as the reference sequence. Seven factors selected from the geological conditions and mining conditions of the Lu’an mining area are used as the comparison sequence to calculate the gray correlation between each influencing factor and the surface subsidence coefficient, and to obtain that geological factors such as the nature of the overlying rock layer, bedrock thickness and dip angle of the coal seam, and mining factors such as mining height, average mining depth and working face size largely determine the surface subsidence coefficient. The surface subsidence in the overlap area could largely be influenced by geological factors such as the nature of the overlying rock layer, bedrock thickness and coal seam inclination, and mining factors such as mining height, average mining depth and working face size. Finally, we investigate the possible effects of surface subsidence on ancient wooden buildings in the overlapping area with the surface subsidence and formation mechanism and propose technical measures to reduce the effects of surface subsidence due to coal mining on historical buildings in the overlapping area.
<p>The variations in carbon isotope (&#948;<sup>13</sup>C) values of the Aptian marine and terrestrial strata are globally comparable and regarded as an important tool for the stratigraphic correlation of the Aptian successions. The most remarkable feature of the &#948;<sup>13</sup>C curve of the Aptian is an abruptly negative excursion, which characterizes the onset of the early Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE 1a, ~121 Ma). However, the identification of OAE 1a equivalent level in the Tibetan Himalaya remains debatable. Based on previously well-established foraminiferal biostratigraphy, we provide a lower Aptian high-resolution &#948;<sup>13</sup>C curve of bulk organic carbon from an expanded shale-dominated section, Chaqiela Section in the Tibetan Himalaya. The TOC/TN ratios of the studied section vary from 3 to 10, indicating that the organic matter is mainly sourced from marine plankton. Thus, we suggest that our results present the secular changes of &#948;<sup>13</sup>C in the dissolve carbon pool of the shallow sea on the south margin of eastern Tethys. The lower Aptian &#948;<sup>13</sup>C curve of the Chaqiela section is divided into eight segments, which can be well correlated to the representative sections in the western Tethys area.</p> <p>In the lower part of the section, an interval of sharp negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) of ~1 &#8240; is observed, which is followed by recovery of the &#948;<sup>13</sup>C values by a magnitude of ~2 &#8240;. This short-term carbon perturbation is superimposed on the long-term decrease in &#948;<sup>13</sup>C values of the early Aptian. The &#948;<sup>13</sup>C profile at this interval perfectly records the diagnostic characteristics of the OAE 1a: negative (C3), positive (C4), steady (C5), and positive (C6) segments. Lacking covariations of &#948;<sup>13</sup>C values with TOC/TN and TOC, and &#948;<sup>13</sup>C and Al in this interval indicate that the &#948;<sup>13</sup>C variations are not attributed to source changes of the organic matter. No obvious enrichments of the redox-sensitive major and trace elements indicate an oxic to sbuoxic condition during the sedimentation, it is in good agreement with the low C<sub>org</sub>:P<sub>tot</sub> ratios, but the slightly increase of C<sub>org</sub>:P<sub>tot</sub> ratios during the OAE 1a interval may imply a relatively oxygen-reducing trend and sustains till the end of OAE 1a. The paleoclimatic proxies imply a relatively warm and humid paleo-environment in mid-high latitudes (~50&#176;S) of Tibetan Himalaya during this time interval, it is also testified by the moderate chemical weathering condition revealed by the A-CN-K ternary diagram.</p>
Coalbed methane (CBM) development requires dewatering until the reservoir pressure is less than the critical desorption pressure. Significant quantities of CBM in China are buried >1000 m deep. Therefore, the desorption characteristics of deep CBM reservoirs must be investigated for the further development of deep CBM. In this study, the variation laws of adsorbed and free CH4 during adsorption in dry samples and during desorption via dewatering are investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance. During CH4 adsorption in dry samples by increasing CH4 pressure and during CH4 desorption in water-injected samples by dewatering, a Langmuir relationship exists between the volume of adsorbed CH4 and the pressure in deep and shallow coals, and the volume of free CH4 and the pressure are linearly related. When the pressure is the same, the volume of adsorbed CH4 in the dry coal samples during adsorption is larger than that in the water-injected samples during desorption by dewatering. When the pressure is the same, for the difference in the adsorbed CH4 volume between adsorption and desorption isotherms, shallow coal is less significant than deep coal. The slopes of free CH4 in deep coal are lower than those in shallow coal during adsorption and desorption.
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