To develop intelligent wearable protection systems is
of great
significance to human health engineering. An ideal intelligent air
filtration system should possess reliable filtration efficiency, low
pressure drop, healthcare monitoring function, and man–machine
interactive capability. However, no existing intelligent protection
system covers all these essential aspects. Herein, we developed an
intelligent wearable filtration system (IWFS) via advanced nanotechnology
and machine learning. Based on the triboelectric mechanism, the fabricated
IWFS exhibits a long-lasting high particle filtration efficiency and
bacteria protection efficiency of 99% and 100%, respectively, with
a low-pressure drop of 5.8 mmH2O. Correspondingly, the
charge accumulation of the optimized IWFS (87 nC) increased to 3.5
times that of the pristine nanomesh, providing a significant enhancement
of the particle filtration efficiency. Theoretical principles, including
the enhancement of the β-phase and the lower surface potential
of the modified nanomesh, were quantitatively investigated by molecular
dynamics simulation, band theory, and Kelvin probe force microscopy.
Furthermore, we endowed the IWFS with a healthcare monitoring function
and man–machine interactive capability through machine learning
and wireless transmission technology. Crucial physiological signals
of people, including breath, cough, and speaking signals, were detected
and classified, with a high recognition rate of 92%; the fabricated
IWFS can collect healthcare data and transmit voice commands in real
time without hindrance by portable electronic devices. The achieved
IWFS not only has practical significance for human health management
but also has great theoretical value for advanced wearable systems.
With the rise of smart textiles, fibers/textiles-based
sensors
are being applied in various situations, such as healthcare, green
energy, and environmental monitoring. The field of health monitoring
mainly involves the detection of human secretions (such as sweat,
saliva, urine, and excrement). Among them, sweat is extensive and
closely related to human health, so it is receiving more and more
attention. Various sensors are used for sweat detection, but fiber/textile-based
flexible sensors have unique advantages and thus have emerged as an
important branch. So, this Review aims to 1) explain the physiological
mechanism of sweating and metabolites; 2) introduce the advantages
of fibers/textiles as the substrate of sweat sensors; 3) outline different
kinds of fibers/textiles-based flexible sweat sensors (enzymatic biosensors,
non-enzymatic biosensors, ion-selective sensors, and others) and explain
their working principle; 4) summarize the applications of such sensors
in different fields (physical condition monitoring, power supply,
drug monitoring, mental state monitoring, etc.). Moreover, the opportunities
and challenges of flexible fiber/textile-based sweat sensors will
also be discussed. This Review will help promote the diversified development
of sweat sensors, which is significant for manufacturing advanced
sweat detection and diagnostic systems.
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