Numerical modeling of the solidification structure evolution has been performed to predict the structure development during the solidification of a 10 kg C45 steel ingot. The model consists of two schemes: The Finite Difference method (FD) for the macroscopic heat transport of the unsteady two-dimensional temperature field in solidifying metal and the Cellular Automaton (CA) method for simulating the evolution of as-cast structures. The effect of mechanical vibration (MV) is evaluated from the aspects of increasing the apparent thermal conductivity of the liquid and the nucleation probability. An increased effective thermal conductivity by MV is assumed in the liquid phase. A 10% larger nucleation probability is also assumed to introduce the increased nucleation sites due to dendrite fragmentation caused by the imposition of MV. The simulation results are validated by the hot model experiments regarding the grain morphology and the temperature profile. The results of numerical modeling agree well with the experimental results and can be used for predicting the solidification structure evolution under various conditions. Figure 7. Simulation results of melt temperature field and grain evolution. (a) and (c): without MV; (b) and (d): with MV.www.advancedsciencenews.com www.steel-research.de steel research int. 2019, 90, 1900081
Industrial experiments of mechanical soft reduction in continuous casting were conducted in the present study aiming to improve the internal quality of the bearing steel blooms. Two methods were developed to verify the solidification model for a reliable crater end in the caster, which is provided by SMS CONCAST. The verified solidification model was applied to determine the solidification status of the bloom and provides theoretical reduction region. Several trials were conducted to study the optimization of the reduction rate regarding the V-shaped and centerline segregation of the bloom. The results show an obvious improvement of internal quality in the bearing steel bloom by applying appropriate reduction during casting.
Hydrological models are always related to time and spatial domains, so the model results produced by these models are very large. Microsoft component structured storage can be employed to save the model results, but it is lack of mechanism to reduce the data size. In order to tackle this situation, compressed structured storage method is introduced which based on combining component structured storage and zlib compression library. In this method, standard component rules are complied and containment as most common mechanism for object reuse in COM is applied so as to simplify the usage.
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