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Transgenic insect-resistant cotton expressing the Cry1Ac and/or CpTI protein has been released into the environment for commercial cultivation for over a decade in China. In this consecutive 3-year field study (2007)(2008)(2009), we characterized the microbial populations in two different transgenic cotton fields and one non-transgenic cotton field to assess the environmental impact of long-term cultivation of transgenic insect-resistant plants in credible field conditions. We obtained samples at four different growth stages of cotton (seedling, budding, boll forming and boll opening). The results showed significant seasonal variation in the number of bacteria, fungi, azotobacter, denitrifying bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and in diversity indices of microorganisms, but no significant difference in the number of each microbial population or diversity indices attributable to long-term cultivation of transgenic cotton.

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The synthesis of γ-Valerolactone (GVL) from butyl levulinate (BL) hydrogenation over sulfonated activated carbon (SAC) supported SnRuB bifunctional catalysts was studied. These catalysts were characterized by ICP, nitrogen physisorption, XRD,...

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