Sugarcane is a multifunctional crop mainly used for sugar and renewable bioenergy production. Accurate and timely estimation of the sugarcane yield before harvest plays a particularly important role in the management of agroecosystems. The rapid development of remote sensing technologies, especially Light Detecting and Ranging (LiDAR), significantly enhances aboveground fresh weight (AFW) estimations. In our study, we evaluated the capability of LiDAR mounted on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in estimating the sugarcane AFW in Fusui county, Chongzuo city of Guangxi province, China. We measured the height and the fresh weight of sugarcane plants in 105 sampling plots, and eight variables were extracted from the field-based measurements. Six regression algorithms were used to build the sugarcane AFW model: multiple linear regression (MLR), stepwise multiple regression (SMR), generalized linear model (GLM), generalized boosted model (GBM), kernel-based regularized least squares (KRLS), and random forest regression (RFR). The results demonstrate that RFR (R2 = 0.96, RMSE = 1.27 kg m−2) performs better than other models in terms of prediction accuracy. The final fitted sugarcane AFW distribution maps exhibited good agreement with the observed values (R2 = 0.97, RMSE = 1.33 kg m−2). Canopy cover, the distance to the road, and tillage methods all have an impact on sugarcane AFW. Our study provides guidance for calculating the optimum planting density, reducing the negative impact of human activities, and selecting suitable tillage methods in actual cultivation and production.
Urbanization causes the expansion of urban land and changes to urban environments, both of which have significant impacts on the carbon uptake of urban vegetation. Although previous studies have proposed that the impact of the changes in the environmental conditions of vegetation carbon uptake by urban expansion are generally indirect, the processes of this impact are still unclear. In this study, we quantified the indirect effects of urbanization on urban vegetation carbon uptake for unchanged vegetation areas. We extracted unchanged vegetation areas based on multisource remote sensing data from the Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform. The influence of urbanization on vegetation carbon uptake and urban environmental factors in 2004, 2010, and 2016 along with the urban–rural gradient was calculated. In addition, we investigated the relative contribution of urban environmental factors to vegetation carbon uptake to study the relationship between them using a boosted regression tree method. The results showed that urbanization promoted vegetation carbon uptake, which varied with different years in Shanghai. Besides, the promoting effect of urbanization on the carbon uptake of vegetation was mainly due to the increase in temperature and the fragmentation of vegetation landscape patterns in Shanghai. The changes of soil moisture and radiation had little effect on the vegetation carbon uptake. Among the influencing factors, the relative contribution of the vegetation landscape pattern to vegetation carbon uptake was about 85%. Considering the crucial role of landscape patterns in the carbon uptake of vegetation, urban managers should consider reducing the negative influence of urbanization on vegetation through landscape design, which will further promote the sustainable development of urban ecology.
Liupao tea, a drink homologous to medicine and food. It can treat dysentery, relieve heat, remove dampness, and regulate the intestines and stomach. The objective of this study is to explore the material basis and mechanism of Liupao tea intervention in COVID-19 and to provide a new prevention and treatment programme for COVID-19.We used high performance liquid chromatography to analyze the extract of Liupao tea and establish its fingerprint. The main index components of the fingerprint were determined using SARS-COV-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL pro ), and an in vitro drug screening model based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer was used to evaluate its inhibitory activity in vitro. The fingerprint results showed that the alcohol extract of Liupao tea contained gallic acid, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), caffeine, epicatechin gallate, rutin, and ellagic acid. The molecular docking binding energies of the six index components of SARS-CoV-2 3Cl pro were all less than −5.0 kJ/mol and showed strong binding affinity. The results of in vitro activity showed that the IC 50 of EGCG was 8.84 μmol/L, which could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3Cl pro to a certain extent. This study unleashed that EGCG has a certain inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro , and Liupao tea has a certain significance as a tea drink for the prevention of COVID-19. Practical applicationsThe objective of this study was to explore the material basis and mechanism of Liupao tea intervention in COVID-19 and to provide a new prevention and treatment programme for COVID-19. The molecular docking binding energies of the six index components of Liupao tea with SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro were all less than −5.0 kJ/mol, among them, the enzyme activity experiment shows that EGCG has a certain inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro , it can be used as a potential SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro How to cite this article: Ni W-J, Chen X-X, Wei S-Y, et al. Study on the mechanism of active components of Liupao tea on 3CL pro based on HPLC-DAD fingerprint and molecular docking technique.
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