The C-NPES will provide hospital administrators with an overview of magnet hospital settings for nursing practice. It is beneficial for the stabilisation of the nursing workforce as well as for the optimisation of nursing work environments. Additionally, the use of professional development programs to enhance nurses' knowledge of SARS prevention is favorable.
Objective: To test the hypothesis that different nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires may have dissimilar corrosion resistance in a fluoride-containing oral environment. Materials and Methods: Linear polarization test, a fast electrochemical technique, was used to evaluate the corrosion resistance, in terms of polarization resistance (R p ), of four different commercial NiTi archwires in artificial saliva (pH 6.5) with various NaF concentrations (0%, 0.01%, 0.1%, 0.25%, and 0.5%). Two-way analysis of variance was used to analyze R p with the factors of archwire manufacturer and NaF concentration. Surface characterizations of archwires were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results: Both archwire manufacturer and NaF concentration had a significant influence on R p of NiTi archwires. Different surface topography was present on the test NiTi archwires that contained the similar surface chemical structure (TiO 2 and trace NiO). The surface topography did not correspond to the difference in corrosion resistance of the NiTi archwires. Increasing the NaF concentration in artificial saliva resulted in a decrease in R p , or corrosion resistance, of all test NiTi archwires. The NiTi archwires severely corroded and showed similar corrosion resistance in 0.5% NaF-containing environment. Conclusions: Different NiTi archwires had dissimilar corrosion resistance in acidic fluoridecontaining artificial saliva, which did not correspond to the variation in the surface topography of the archwires. The presence of fluoride in artificial saliva was detrimental to the corrosion resistance of the test NiTi archwires, especially at a 0
A decrease in the use of physical restraints in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) is an important indicator of quality of nursing care. This quasi-experimental study examined the effect on nurses of a session of continuing education aimed at reducing the use of restraints. At a medical center in southern Taiwan, 37 novice nurses were surveyed about their knowledge, perception, attitude and clinical practice of restraint use in 11 ICUs. Two instructors then taught a four-hour continuing education class on patient restraint standards, principles for reducing physical restraint use, and alternatives to restraining. Data were analyzed by paired t-test and the results of identical structured questionnaires which participants received before and after the lecture, showed that, afterwards, knowledge (t = -6.04, p < .01), perception (t = 4.76, p < .01), and attitude (t = 3.93, p < .01) toward restraint use had significantly improved . The continuing education improved the nurses' knowledge and attitude toward restraint use and may therefore enhance the quality of care provided to ICU patients.
The Chinese version of the Nursing Home Survey on Patient Safety Culture scale was developed to increase the users' intention towards safety culture assessment. It can identify areas for improvement, understand safety culture changes over time and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions.
Non-Native English Speaking (NNES) international students attending colleges and universities in the United States often encounter difficulties in adjusting to their new cultural environment. In addition, they often struggle with academic language while learning the content and conceptual structures of various graduate level disciplines. This phenomenological study identified cultural and linguistic challenges experienced by NNES Asian international graduate students at a mediumsized rural university in the northwestern United States. A pedagogical framework and recommendations for professional practice address the linguistic, cultural, and academic needs of this particular student population in higher education.
Healthcare professionals could apply the protocol developed in this study to assist patients to learn the strategies of self-regulation to prevent their acute exacerbation symptoms.
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