Hispolon is one of the most important functional compounds that forms Phellinus linteus (Berkeley & Curtis) Teng. Hispolon has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and anticancer effects. In this study, we analyzed the functions of hispolon on melanogenesis and apoptosis in B16-F10 melanoma cells. The results demonstrated that hispolon is not an enzymatic inhibitor for tyrosinase; rather, it represses the expression of tyrosinase and the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) to reduce the production of melanin in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated B16-F10 cells at lower concentrations (less than 2 μM). In contrast, at higher concentration (greater than 10 μM), hispolon can induce activity of caspase-3, -8 and -9 to trigger apoptosis of B16-F10 cells but not of Detroit 551 normal fibroblast cells. Therefore, we suggest that hispolon has the potential to treat hyperpigmentation diseases and melanoma skin cancer in the future.
The isolation and identification of twenty‐two components (including one new compound) from the whole herb of Clinoponium laxiflorum (Hay) Matsum (Labiatae) are described. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral and chemical transformation. One new compound is methyl rosmarinate. The other twenty‐one compounds include three steroids (α‐spinasterol, α‐spinasteryl‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, and β‐sitosteryl‐3‐O‐β‐glucopyranoside), three triterpenes (oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, and betulinic acid), nine flavonoids (didymin, apigenin‐7‐O‐β‐glucopyranoside, luteolin‐7‐O‐β‐glucopyranoside, isosakuranetin, narigenin, apigenin, luteolin, narirutin, and hesperidin), three lignolic acids (rosmarinic acid, 3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)lactic acid, and caffeic acid), and three phenols (4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3,4‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde, and 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid).
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