We investigate the ground state of the one-dimensional interacting anyonic system based on the exact Bethe ansatz solution for arbitrary coupling constant ($0\leq c\leq \infty$) and statistics parameter ($0\leq \kappa \leq \pi$). It is shown that the density of state in quasi-momentum $k$ space and the ground state energy are determined by the renormalized coupling constant $c'$. The effect induced by the statistics parameter $\kappa$ exhibits in the momentum distribution in two aspects: Besides the effect of renormalized coupling, the anyonic statistics results in the nonsymmetric momentum distribution when the statistics parameter $\kappa$ deviates from 0 (Bose statistics) and $\pi$ (Fermi statistics) for any coupling constant $c$. The momentum distribution evolves from a Bose distribution to a Fermi one as $\kappa$ varies from 0 to $\pi$. The asymmetric momentum distribution comes from the contribution of the imaginary part of the non-diagonal element of reduced density matrix, which is an odd function of $\kappa$. The peak at positive momentum will shift to negative momentum if $\kappa$ is negative.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, published version in Phys. Rev.

Nano-FTIR spectroscopy based on Fourier transform infrared near-field spectroscopy allows for label-free chemical nanocharacterization of organic and inorganic composite surfaces. The potential capability for subsurface material analysis, however, is largely unexplored terrain. Here, we demonstrate nano-FTIR spectroscopy of subsurface organic layers, revealing that nano-FTIR spectra from thin surface layers differ from that of subsurface layers of the same organic material. Further, we study the correlation of various nano-FTIR peak characteristics and establish a simple and robust method for distinguishing surface from subsurface layers without the need of theoretical modeling or simulations (provided that chemically induced spectral modifications are not present). Our experimental findings are confirmed and explained by a semi-analytical model for calculating nano-FTIR spectra of multilayered organic samples. Our results are critically important for the interpretation of nano-FTIR spectra of multilayer samples, particularly to avoid that geometry-induced spectral peak shifts are explained by chemical effects.

Effect of 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bromide (BmimBr) on the aggregation behavior of PEO-PPO-PEO Pluronic P104 aqueous solution was studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, freeze fracture transmission electron microscopy (FF-TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and NMR spectroscopy. When the BmimBr concentration was below 1.232 mol/L, the critical micelle temperature (CMT) of Pluronic P104 remained constant, while the size of micelles increased with increasing the BmimBr concentration; above this concentration, the CMT of Pluronic P104 decreased abruptly, and bigger clusters of BmimBr were formed. The selective nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) spectrum indicates that the PO block of the P104 interacts with the butyl group of the Bmim+ cation by hydrophobic interaction. It suggests that when the concentration of BmimBr is below 1.232 mol/L, there are P104 micelles in the aqueous solution with BmimBr embedding to the micellar core, while above this concentration, P104 micelles and BmimBr clusters coexist in the system.

3D graphene frameworks/Co O composites are produced by the thermal explosion method, in which the generation of Co O nanoparticles, reduction of graphene oxide, and creation of 3D frameworks are simultaneously completed. The process prevents the agglomeration of Co O particles effectively, resulting in monodispersed Co O nanoparticles scattered on the 3D graphene frameworks evenly. The prepared 3D graphene frameworks/Co O composites used as electrodes for supercapacitor display a definite improvement on electrochemical performance with high specific capacitance (≈1765 F g at a current density of 1 A g ), good rate performance (≈1266 F g at a current density of 20 A g ), and excellent stability (≈93% maintenance of specific capacitance at a constant current density of 10 A g after 5000 cycles). In addition, the composites are also employed as nonenzymatic sensors for the electrochemical detection of glucose, which exhibit high sensitivity (122.16 µA mM cm ) and noteworthy lower detection limit (157 × 10 M, S/N = 3). Therefore, the authors expect that the 3D graphene frameworks/Co O composites described here would possess potential applications as the electrode materials in supercapacitors and nonenzymatic detection of glucose.

Rapid innovation in printed circuit board, and the uncertainties surrounding quantification of the human and environmental health impacts of e-waste disposal have made it difficult to confirm the influence of evolving ewaste management strategies and regulatory policies on materials. To assess these influences, we analyzed hazardous chemicals in a market-representative set of Waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs, 1996(WPCBs, -2010. We used standard leaching tests to characterize hazard potential and USEtox ® to project impacts on human health and ecosystem. The results demonstrate that command-and-control regulations have had minimal impacts on WPCBs composition and toxicity risks; whereas technological innovation may have been influenced more by resource conservation, including a declining trend in the use of precious metals such as gold. WPCBs remain classified as hazardous under U.S. and California laws because of excessive toxic metals. Lead poses the most significant risk for cancers; zinc for non-cancer diseases; copper had the largest potential impact on ecosystem quality. Among organics, acenaphthylene, the largest risk for cancers; naphthalene for non-cancer diseases; pyrene has the highest potential for ecotoxicological impacts. These findings support the need for stronger enforcement of international policies and technology innovation to implement the strategy of design-for-theenvironment and to encourage recovery, recycling, and reuse of WPCBs.

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Novel carbazole derivatives are first reported as two-photon photosensitizers for DNA photodamage under near-infrared light exposure.

The one-dimensional interacting Bose-Fermi mixtures, exhibiting quantum phase transitions at zero temperature, are particularly valuable for the study of quantum critical phenomena. In the present paper, we analytically study quantum phase diagram, equation of state and quantum criticality of the Bose-Fermi mixture using the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations. We show that thermodynamical properties display universal scaling behaviour at quantum criticality. Furthermore, quantum criticality of the Bose-Fermi mixture in an harmonic trap is also studied within the local density approximation. We thus demonstrate that the phase diagram and critical properties of the bulk system provide insights into understanding universal features of many-body critical phenomena.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure