The multicomponent reaction-directed self-assembled hydrogels offer the opportunities to fabricate materials with ubiquitous properties which sometimes are not possible to generate from single components. Therefore, multicomponent-derived hydrogels have enormous applications in biomedical fields, and the number of such systems is increasing day by day. Herein, the multicomponent self-assembly techniques have been employed to develop a biomimetic low-molecular-weight G-quadruplex hydrogel under physiological conditions. The bioconjugation of guanosine, 4-formylphenylboronic acid, and cytosine-functionalized nucleopeptide (NP) is important to generate the multicomponent self-assembled dynamic imino-boronate ester-mediated bioconjugated G-quadruplex hydrogels. Using thioflavin T fluorescence assay, powder X-ray diffraction, and circular dichroism spectroscopic techniques, we confirm the existence of a G-quartet-like structure as the key parameter for the formation of nanofibrillar hydrogels. The multicomponent self-assembled G-quadruplex hydrogel possesses excellent inherent antibacterial activity against a broad range of bacterial species. The in vitro cytocompatibility of the synthesized hydrogel was evaluated on MCF-7 and HEK 293T cell lines to study the biocompatibility of the hydrogel. The proposed injectable, biocompatible, and NP-coupled G-quadruplex hydrogel with inherent antibacterial efficiency holds promising importance to prevent localized bacterial infections.
The present study was intended to determine the toxic effect of Alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS) on Oreochromis mosambicus. Probit analysis was employed to determine the 96h LC50 of surfactants for O. mossambicus. Moreover, the survivability of surfactant exposed was calibrated and validated using general threshold survival models (GUTS) in terms of required data sets and fit performance. Subsequently, fish were assigned to experimental groups exposed to 10% and 20% of 96h LC50 of surfactants for the period of 45 d to assess the changes in growth, hematological, plasma biochemical, and enzymological as well as stress enzyme parameters in gills and liver by employing standard protocol. The 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h LC 50 values of ABS to O. mossambicus are 0.55mg/l, 0.28 mg/l, 0.09 mg/l and 0.06 mg/l respectively. Moreover, the GUTS- IT model better projected the survivability in O. mossambicus for ABS exposure. During sublethal exposure, a consequential reduction in specific growth rate (SGR), RBC, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht) value, plasma protein, albumin, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in gills and liver, as well as significant induction in gastrosomatic index (GSI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), plasma glucose, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) in gills and liver were observed in exposed fish. Moreover, in both gills and the liver, GST and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) exhibited a significant initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease in exposed fish. The effects of ABS on fish were identified using the correlation matrix, integrated biomarker response (IBR) and biomarker response index (BRI). These findings show that exposure to surfactant affects multiple biomarkers in O. mossambicus.
The current study sought to determine Sheathmar's acute toxicity as well as its sublethal effects on oxidative stress enzymes in Tubifex tubifex, a benthic oligochaete worm. The results showed that the 96-hour median lethal concentration (LC50) of Sheathmar for Tubifex tubifex is 3186.3 µg/l. According to the model fit performance, the GUTS-SD model can better predict the survival rate of Tubifex tubifex. Sublethal Sheathmar concentrations (10% and 20% of the 96h LC50) significantly changed the oxidative stress enzymes. Reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity all showed a significant initial increase followed by a decline, whereas catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased significantly with increasing Sheathmar concentrations at all exposure times. Furthermore, the effects of Sheathmar on Tubifex tubifex were demonstrated by the development of a potency index and the assessment of integrated biomarker response (IBR). These findings suggest that exposure to Sheathmar influences Tubifex tubifex survival at the acute stage and modifies oxidative stress enzyme alterations at the sublethal level
With the enormous applications nanomaterials offer, this study focuses on antibacterial property of nanoparticles. The study involved green synthesis of iron and zinc oxide nanoparticles from Moringa oleiferapod peel extract and comparison of the bactericidal efficiency of chemically and green synthesized nanoparticles against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV spectroscopy, SEM-EDS and XRD. In-vitro analysis of antibacterial potential of both chemically and green synthesized iron and zinc oxide nanoparticles was assessed. A comparison of the activity of nanoparticles against E. coli and S. aureus suggested that Gram-positive bacteria are more susceptible to zinc oxide nanoparticles than Gram-negative bacteria. The exact mechanism of the action that justifies this difference in the susceptibility based on the structural differences in cell wall composition is yet to be deciphered. Nevertheless, green synthesis of nanoparticles is emerging as a popular branch of bio-nanotechnology its popularity is attributed to the lesser energy consumption, biocompatibility and less toxicity of the green synthesized nanoparticles to living systems.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.