Continuous mono-cropping of rice has resulted in decline or stagnation of yield output due to the occurrence of multiple nutrient deficiencies and worsening of soil physicochemical properties accompanying increased pressure of insect pests and diseases. The basic concept of integrated nutrient management (INM) is maintenance or adjustment of soil fertility and supply of plant nutrients to an optimum level for sustaining the desired crop productivity through optimisation of benefits from all possible sources of plant nutrients in an integrated way. Augmenting a rice-based cropping system with pulses is a prevalent and indigenous cropping system under rainfed conditions. Considering the above facts, experiments were conducted to evaluate the impacts of integrated nutrient management on productivity of aromatic rice–greengram cropping system and nutrient balance of the post-harvest soil for agricultural sustainability under rainfed conditions in two consecutive years (2017–2018 and 2018–2019) with six main plots and three subplots. The experimental findings revealed that the treatment comprised of 50% recommended dose of fertiliser (RDF) through chemicals + 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through farmyard manure (FYM) increased the plant height, tillers, dry matter accumulation, leaf area and leaf area duration, and yield parameters in short grain aromatic rice. Similarly, preceding application of 50% RDF + 50% RDN through FYM to rice and further application 75% RDF + Rhizobium+ phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) to greengram increased the growth characteristics and yield parameters—such as pods/plant, seeds/pod, grain yield, stover yield, and harvest index—in greengram. It was concluded that the treatment consisting of 50% RDF (chemical fertiliser) + 50% RDN (FYM) to rice and 75% RDF + Rhizobium + PSB to greengram increased the productivity of the rice–greengram cropping system. Furthermore, the adoption of INM has positively impacted post-harvest soil nutrient balance.

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A field study was conducted at the Instructional Farm, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, on exploring productivity and soil quality of aromatic rice‐green gram system by dual influence of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients. Among integrated nutrient management practices, 50% NPK + 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN)‐farm yard manure (FYM) to rice produced the highest grain yield (3875 kg ha−1) followed by 75% NPK+ green manure (GM; 3489 kg ha−1). Likewise, residual effect of 50% NPK + 50% RDN‐FYM to rice and application of 75% NPK+ Rhizobium+ phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) to green gram produced the highest seed yield of green gram (812 kg ha−1).Combined application of 50% NPK+ 50% RDN− FYM to rice and 75% NPK + Rhizobium+ PSB to green gram resulted in significantly (p = 0.05) higher system rice equivalent yield (6521 kg ha−1) and production efficiency (31.2 kg ha−1 day−1) while increasing the nutrient uptake of short grain aromatic rice‐green gram system. The highest PFPN (132.7 ± 12.4 kg kg−1) and nitrogen uptake efficiency (0.73 ± 0.06 kg kg−1) were also recorded due to the application of 50% NPK+ 50% RDN‐FYM to rice and 75% NPK + Rhizobium + PSB to green gram (99.0 ± 26.3 kg kg−1, 0.61 ± 0.01 kg kg−1, 1.32 ± 0.40, and 19.5 ± 2.9, respectively). Application of 75% NPK+ GM to rice and 75% NPK + Rhizobium + PSB to green gram significantly (p = 0.05) increased soil organic carbon, available N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu as well as microbial status of soil.

A study was conducted in farmer’s field through technology demonstrations during Kharif season of 2018 and 2019 in Subarnapur district of Odisha to recommend the most suited short duration drought tolerant upland rice variety particular to the locality. Six different varieties like Sahabhagi dhan, Mandakini, Jogesh, DRR-44, and DRR-42 & Khandagiri were taken with four replications in Randomized Block Design in both years. Technology demonstration included not only the improved short duration varieties, but also a package of good agronomic practices viz. line sowing, seed treatment with Bavistin, proper fertilization with dose @ 80:40:40 NPK/ha, pre emergence herbicide application with pretilachlor, needful manual weeding and  need based plant protection chemicals. The results of demonstration showed that farmers could increase rice productivity notably by adopting improved variety Sahabhagi dhan and DRR-44. These varieties recorded higher grain yields of 64% and 46%, respectively, and fetched a sum return of Rs 25620 and Rs 25275 over farmers’ local variety Khandagiri.