Original Article INTRODUCTIONAccording to Buonocore MG (1955), acid etching has been a standard practice to remove smear layer for successful bonding [1]. The long standing bonding strength is due to the micromechanical bond formation. In 1965, Newman GV reported epoxy resin use for attaching brackets [2]. The overall treatment results improved with the bonding procedure by eliminating occupancy of inter-dental spaces by band, reduced gingival irritation, and facilitating plaque removal and reducing decalcification [3]. Since then a variety of bonding procedures and adhesives have been reported to improve the orthodontic bond strength [4,5].Direct bonding of orthodontic brackets to the etched surface of enamel has many merits along with some demerits. The main problems are loss of surface enamel and demineralization near the bracket and conventional acid etching requires all the steps of enamel conditioning (acid etching, rinsing, drying, and application of bonding agent) to be properly carried out. The loss of surface enamel and subsurface enamel weakening, leading to detachment or fracture of enamel surface during debonding occurs due to a strong acidic conditioning liquid or prolonged etching [6]. It has been extensively reported that the use of SEPs produce a milder etch pattern than 37% phosphoric acid [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Although conventional acid etching of the enamel surface leads to more enamel loss than does the use of SEPs [11], the etching pattern observed with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds seems more conservative than the typical honeycomb etched pattern observed when the enamel surface was etched for 30 seconds [7,12,14]. In any case, SEPs seem to produce a milder etching pattern than the phosphoric acid. However, due to some disadvantages in conventional technique like increased chair side time and uncontrolled demineralization of enamel surface, the self etching primer was formulated. Using a SEP, procedure of bonding is simplified by combining etching and priming processes into a single step procedure. Additional to saving time, minimum steps for bonding procedure might lead to minimum procedural errors.The aim of this in-vitro study was to compare the SBS of orthodontic bracket bonded with SEP and conventional acid etching system, to study the surface appearance of teeth after debonding; etching with conventional acid etch and self-etch priming using stereomicroscope and to evaluate correlation between SBS and surface roughness. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe present in-vitro study was conducted in Department of Orthodontics, ACPM Dental College and Hospital Dhule, Maharashtra, India, during September-December 2015. In this in-vitro study freshly extracted 100 non-carious and un-restored maxillary first premolars extracted for orthodontic treatment were collected and stored in normal saline.Premolars were selected on basis of non-carious, freshly extracted premolars with intact buccal surface, non-hypoplastic, non-fluorosed, no restorations, no cracks and no extraction forceps marks.E...
Introduction: Correction of deep bite is one of the major challenges of orthodontic treatment. Mini-implants provide stable intra-oral anchorage and facilitate the maxillary incisors to be intruded without the usual side. The purpose of this finite element study was to evaluate the stress distribution around the mini-implant during maxillary anterior intrusion under different conditions of different angulations and different positions of implant. Material and Methods: Finite element analysis was carried out. Stress under the following 4 conditions was analyzed: (a) single central implant placed at 90°, (b) single central implant placed at 120°, (c) bilaterally placed implant at 90°, and (d) bilaterally placed implant at 120°. Results: The displacement seen with 90° angulation in the single implant case is less compared with the 120° angulation case for all the 6 maxillary anterior teeth. Also, in the bilateral implant case, the Von Mises stress is less when the 90° angulation case is compared to 120° angulation case. But in bilaterally placed implant, the stress gets distributed evenly in the anterior region. The stress in 90° angulation cases seems to be concentrated at the center. Conclusion: Stresses measured on the teeth are less and distributed more evenly when the point of force application is bilateral. It was also observed that the stress increases with increase in the angulation of the implant. As the contact between the implant and the bone increases, the stability increases. Hence, the implant should be obliquely inserted into the bone. Concentrated stresses are not favorable as they can increase the risk of bone and root resorption.
In the past, direct stabilization and splinting of teeth using an adhesive technique required the use of wires, pins, or mesh grids. Problems with the current fiber reinforcement materials are their inherent thickness when embedded within composite resin, their availability in fixed widths and their high cost. This paper discusses the use of silane-coated industrial grade glass fibers, which can be bundled in the form of ribbon according to the required thickness and length. Of the three patients discussed in this paper, none has exhibited debonding or recurrent caries over 1-year period. By reinforcing composite splints with these industrial grade glass fibers, dentists can provide patients with restorations and splints that are economical, fracture resistant, and more durable than most alternative splinting materials of the past.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.