Climate change means water change, and the impacts of climate change cause not only global sea levels to rise, but also elicit dangerous levels of coastal and mainland flooding. This study relates the effects of climate-change-induced sea level risings to several harmful, and sometimes preventable, factors causing floods. One topic discussed here will be the ocean's current (more specifically, "The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Current") as it continues to warm with increasing temperatures. In addition to discussing the effects of the AMOC, it also relates the increasing causes that are contributing to flooding, plus the proliferation of melt from ice sheets, ice caps, and glaciers, which inevitably contributes to the devastating effects of flooding on coastal communities, destroying habitats and contributing to the extinction of both aquatic and land animals, and even impacting human infrastructure and livelihoods. This examination additionally presents the serious implications that climate change and flooding have had on the planet's freshwater resources and reserves, which are being further destroyed by the added influx of salt water, causing water to then be treated with aquifers, an energy-intensive and highly expensive process. Lastly, this paper provides several suggested possibilities for curbing some of the harmful effects humans have already had on contributing to climate change, as well as the environmental factors that have further caused dangerous levels of flooding.
This study will both compare and contrast the characteristics and roles of two pollutants: nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide. It will begin by tracing each gas' negative contributions to the Earth's spheres, as well as relate any negative links that each plays concerning human activity, health, and interaction with the environment. It will include an in-depth analysis of what the proliferation of such toxic gases indicates about human production and causality, plus reflect on any current attempts being made to improve the effects of these pollutants on the environment. This examination will also inspect three NASA missions, i.e., MOPITT/Terra, AIRS/Aqua, and OMI/Aura, the aim of which, among many other tasks, is to detect pollutants within the Earth's various spheres, as well as analyze weather anomalies, improve prediction methodology, and chronicle meteorological patterns for future study. It will also cover some of the goals, engineering breakthroughs, and in one case, the limitations, of these three satellite missions. Finally, it should be noted that in all stages of this discussion, the author's main aim will be to focus on the positives that need to be implemented in order to improve the current situations that both anthropogenic and natural disasters have created for the planet.
The primary goal of this report is to describe the operational concepts of NASA's ACTIVATE mission. ACTIVATE hopes to improve the understanding of aerosol dispersion and models, provide accurate data for aerosols' characterization and ozone profiles, and establish knowledge of the relationships between aerosols and water. ACTIVATE's science objectives are to quantify Na-CCN-Nd relationships and reduce uncertainty in model cloud droplet activation parameterizations, improve process-level understanding and model representation of factors governing cloud micro/macro-physical properties and how they couple with cloud effects on aerosol, plus assess advanced remote sensing capabilities for retrieving aerosol and cloud properties related to aerosol-cloud interactions. ACTIVATE utilizes the fixed-wing B-200 King Air to collect data. Data collected by ACTIVATE is highly relevant for meteorologists and environmental scientists looking to understand more about aerosol-cloud formations. Finally, ACTIVATE is a 5-year mission spanning from January 2019 to December 2023 and has used, and will continue to use, instruments such as the High Spectral Resolution Lidar-2 (HSRL-2), the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP), and the Diode Laser Hygrometer (DLH).
This study will touch upon Earth's magnetic field, the four spheres, and their relationship with polar shift influenced by the magnetization of the interior and surface areas. It will outline how certain aspects within the spheres are influenced by magnetization of minerals and localized rock, how such can be contained deep within Earth's mantle areas, as well as how mining deposits of iron ore can affect other spheres and systems. It will also entail a brief explanation of geological research concerning the Pacific Ocean floor, as well as a discussion on the magnetization of minerals retaining their properties at extremely high temperatures within Earth's interior. There will be explanations of how various spheres interact with each other, but it should be noted that while some findings here might seem unsubstantiated, any analysis of Earth's interior and exterior, the magnetic field, polar shift, and its contagion effect upon living organisms, is still, somewhat, in its initial research stages, and is, at times, left to hypotheses concerning anomalous indications. This study is not conclusive. It has, at best, pieced together areas of relevance. Concluded here is that each event affects polar shift. How this has been affected by magnetization is not completely, at this time, understood. Furthermore, this report in no way promotes the "doomsday scenario", prolific, fairly recently, within some of the scientific literature on this subject, particularly in Europe. This paper closely adheres to the most modern theories, and will try, at best, to leave speculation to science fiction writers.
We present a unique implementation of Python coding in an asynchronous objectoriented programming (OOP) framework to fully automate the process of collecting data with the George Mason University (GMU) Observatory's 0.8-meter telescope. The goal of this project is to perform automated follow-up observations for the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission, while still allowing for human control, monitoring, and adjustments. Prior to our implementation, the facility was computer-controlled by a human observer through a combination of webcams, TheSkyX, Astronomy Common Object Model Dome, MaxIm DL, and a weather station. We automate slews and dome movements, charge-coupled device exposures, saving flexible image transfer system images and metadata, initial focusing, guiding on the target, using the ambient temperature to adjust the focus as the telescope cools through the night, taking calibration images (darks and flats), and monitoring local weather data. The automated weather monitor periodically checks various weather data from multiple sources to automate the decision to close the observatory during adverse conditions. We organize the OOP code structure so that each hardware device or important higher-level process is categorized as its own object class or "module" with associated attributes and methods, with inherited common methods across modules for code reusability. To allow actions to be performed simultaneously across different modules, we implement a multithreaded approach in which each module is given its own CPU thread on which to operate concurrently with all other threads. After the initial few modules (camera, telescope, dome, and data I/O) were developed, further development of the code was carried out in tandem with testing on sky on clear nights. We achieve our goal of a fully automated nightly observation process. The code, in its current state, was tested and used for observations on 171 nights, with more planned usage and feature additions in the future. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.
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