The government has instituted a policy of "reservations" whereby a certain percentage is reserved for the castes that are considered to be low in the caste hierarchy and for the aborigines or tribes who were traditionally excluded from education. The number of Universities had gone up to 574 universities-(44 Central, 286 State, 111 State Private, 129 Deemed to be Universities, four Institutions established under State Legislation) as on 31.03.2012. UGC has provided the data of faculty strength (on 01/01/2014) of total 39 central Universities in different 29 States with total of 15, 573 sanctioned teaching staff in India. In this paper, an attempt has been made to focus on the main objectives of sanctioned posts; filled-up posts; shortfall positions and the employment status of SC/
PurposeThe purpose of this study is twofold. Firstly, the study has investigated the changing scenario of gender bias in households' education expenditure and the socioeconomic factors responsible for it. Secondly, the study has estimated the inequality in education expenditure for the male and female students and determined the significance of socioeconomic variables in gender discrimination.Design/methodology/approachTo address the above-mentioned issues, this paper has used the unit-level data of NSSO 52nd, 64th, 71st and 75th rounds from 1995–1996 to 2017–2018. The log linear regression model is applied to estimate factor impending average education expenditure dynamics. The Oaxaca–Blinder Decomposition method has been employed to measure gender discrimination, and the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient are used to assess inequality among girls experiencing prejudice.FindingsThe study has discovered an gender bias in education expenditure against females during the study period in India. Further, it has been found that gender discrimination against girl students is decreasing. Moreover, the factors such as age, religion, castes, MPCE (income quantile), type of institution, present enrolment and type of education are responsible for this gender differences.Originality/valueThis paper uses 20 years of household-level data for study and suggests that discriminatory behaviour of households and credit constraints of the underdeveloped countries prevent investment in girl's education. Therefore, the state must pay for education of girls by offering scholarships and free or heavily subsidized education. In addition to this, awareness programs for gender equality should also be implemented by the government, especially in rural areas.Peer reviewThe peer-review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-08-2022-0537.
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