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The miscibility behavior of poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (PHS) with poly(4acetoxystyrene)(PAS) was examined by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The PHS-PAS blend system was judged to be miscible on the basis of the appearance of each single, composition-dependent glass transition temperature for the blend. On the other hand, infrared absorption bands attributed to various inter-and intramolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions were identified. Especially, the direct evidence has been obtained for hydrogen-bonding interactions between the hydroxyl group of PHS and the carbonyl group of PAS. The relative strength of these interactions was found to be weaker than those of inter-and intramolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions in pure PHS. Furthermore, the lower critical solution temperature behavior was observed for these blends. KEY WORDS Poly(4-hydroxystyrene) I Poly(4-acetoxystyrene) I Lower Critical Solution Temperature I Phase Diagram 1 Glass Transition Temperature I Polymer Miscibility I Polymer Blends I

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Recent progress in the applications of fine bubble technology to agriculture and marin is presented. Fine bubbles were examined in vitro to find whether antibacterial activities would be exhibited against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, Salumonella typhimulium, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Among them, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells tended to grow well under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions by the action of microbubbles. Furthermore, the application of fine bubble technology has made it possible to give the high harvests of shrimps, seaweeds, strawberries, eggplants, tomatoes and pears. To clarify the underlying mechanism, interaction of microbubbles with a model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), was studied using fluorescence spectroscopy.Keywords: Fine bubble, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Agriculture, Marine, Biological application 12ä42f óôõ05ïÝ]*+$ù RST%&26\b*+7Öî ×H2887897Öî*+9:7 8C&,;<=>2 8 9 a c? 0*+9:78C&@642789 7Ö0 9\78ABó x789CD} ÞE5FGH/Na93aba`p¡' "$1 9789ìí7/CD0EÞ*0N`9 78C& 9ab0`3I02J S¤0c f 134K0Ra93789L¹# ìaeMNO;P5±b88 9 a cd 5H bS¤0QRóô078\bp¡¬ae1W b010Sb