Four hundred pediatric patients (0-12 years of age) who presented with cervicofacial masses were evaluated clinically and pathologically. Infl ammatory lesions were the commonest (48%) followed by congenital and developmental malformations (26%). In infl ammatory lesions, reactive lymphadenopathy was the commonest (16%) followed by tubercular lymphadenitis (11.5%). In congenital and developmental malformations hemangiomas were the commonest (12%) followed by TG cyst (6.5%). Cystic lesions (non-developmental) constituted 19%, benign neoplastic lesions 7% and malignant neoplastic lesions 2% of the cases. Males predominated the series (53.5%) and commonest age group involved was 10-12 years (20.5%). FNAB was performed in 93% of cases and HPE was available in 51.5% of cases. Sensitivity of FNAB in our series was 87.4%.

This case series of 5 patients of rigid bronchoscopy done for tracheobronchial foreign bodies is presented to readers to share my experience of doing rigid bronchoscopy during Covid Times from March to July 2020 specifically sharing experience on personal protection with local innovations during the procedure. Indications, intra-procedure modifications and other relevant things are also presented. The observations and experience are purely personal gained during these months and may be subjected to further research and in no way substitute the well established facts.

morbidity and mortality and pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. While FBs in air passage are commonly seen in younger children, FBs in food passage are encountered in children and adults alike. FB is ingested accidentally but occasionally homicidal or suicidal. Most common FBs in children are coins, but marbles, button, batteries, safety pins, and bottle tops are also reported. [1-3] In adults, common FBs are bones, dentures, and metallic wires. The FBs that have gone beyond the esophagus will pass uneventfully through the intestinal tract in 70%-80% cases. The FBs in tracheobronchial area pose additional diagnostic problem, which is all the more so in radiolucent FBs. General practitioners should know when to suspect and refer a case of aerodigestive FB. The best method of removal Background: Foreign bodies (FBs) in aerodigestive tract are a common concern for all ENT surgeons and chest physicians. While FBs in air passage are commonly seen in younger children, FB in food passage is encountered in children and adults alike. Foreign body is ingested accidentally but occasionally homicidal or suicidal. This study is about the experience of aerodigestive FBs at a tertiary-care hospital. Objective: To reveal our experience of aerodigestive FBs in terms of (i) age/sex distribution of aerodigestive FBs; (ii) site of impaction/nature of aerodigestive foreign bodies; and (iii) different procedures done for aerodigestive foreign bodies. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study done in the Department of ENT and Head and Neck surgery and Department of Chest Medicine In this study, ENT operation theatre registers and registers of bronchoscopy laboratory of chest medicine were analyzed for all the data about removal of aerodigestive FBs from April 2007 to March 2014. Result: This study includes a total of 1125 foreign bodies, of which 878 were in digestive tract and 247 in respiratory tract. Bone chip was the commonest foreign body ingested, whereas whistle and seed were the commonest FBs inhaled. Conclusion: FBs in an airway is an acute emergency. The general physician should know when to suspect an aerodigestive FB and should refer such cases as soon as possible to tertiary centers for removal. Rigid bronchoscopy, especially, and flexible bronchoscopy in few selected cases are the treatments of choice for tracheobronchial FBs. Cricopharynx is the most common site of FB lodgment in the digestive tract. Right main bronchus is the commonest site of lodgment of inhaled FB. Seed of dry fruits is the commonest FB inhaled.

Tuberculosis is one of the biggest health challenge, the world is facing. Cervical lymphadenitis is a common manifestation of mycobacterial infections encountered in otorhinolaryngologic practices. It may be the manifestation of a systemic tuberculous disease or a unique clinical entity localized to neck. It remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge because it minimizes other pathological processes and eyelids in consistent physical and lab findings. A high index of suspicion is needed for the diagnosis of mycobact cervical lymphadenitis and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a cervical mass especially in endemic areas. Key words: Cervicofacial masses; lymphadenopathy FNAB; HPE; developmental malformations; cystic lesions. DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v5i2.3074 SAARC J. Tuber. Lung Dis. HIV/AIDS 2008 Vol.5(2) 31-35

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The parotid gland and the other salivary glands provide a crucial role in the oral cavity by secreting saliva that makes eating, swallowing, speaking, and digesting easier. In order to explore the prevalence of parotid gland tumours by age and gender, clinical modes of presentation, surgical treatments, histological pattern of parotid gland tumours, assess treatment success, and assess consequences, a prospective clinicopathological research was conducted.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was conducted among patients who presented in the outpatient department of ear, nose and throat (ENT) and head and neck surgery (HNS), Government Medical College (GMC), Srinagar with lesions of the salivary glands. The present study was an observational study conducted over a period of 18 months w.e.f. May 2020 up to October 2021.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 220 subjects were enrolled in the present study. More than half of patients were males. The participants were (33.89±15.7) years old on an average. Males predominated over females among the recruited individuals (59% versus 41%). Sub-mandibular gland lesions were most common in the patients (50.4%), followed by parotid gland lesions (38.6%), minor salivary gland lesions (6%) and sub-lingual gland lesions (5%). Pleomorphic adenoma was the most prevalent neoplastic lesion (29.4%). The most prevalent non-neoplastic lesion was parotitis (21.1%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> More often than malignant tumours, benign parotid tumours are more common. Malignant parotid tumours usually present at a later clinical stage and begin to develop at a younger age than other tumour types. Accurate clinical diagnosis, with the use of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and imaging as needed, is essential for effective therapy. The primary therapeutic option is a safe operation called a parotidectomy.</p>