Hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) counts amongst the most widely investigated routes to carbon-centered radicals. Intramolecular processes involving 1,5-HAT are widespread to promote regioselective radical "CH activation". The aim of this review is to draw up a comprehensive inventory of the less commonly encountered 1,n-radical translocations (n≠5) with the aim to update this topic with the most recent relevant data.
Scheme 24 Enantioselective Radical Hydroacylation of Enals with α-Ketoacids byMerging Photoredox Catalysis with Amine Catalysis.Jang et al. exploited enantioselective tandem Michael addition/oxyamination of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes by combining asymmetric iminium catalysis using organocatalyst with photoinduced SOMO catalysis using N719/TiO2. 60 Here, TiO2 acts as a second cooperative photocatalyst along with Ru photocatalyst N719 which bound to the latter, increases the enantio-and diastereoselectivity of the process. Adamantane carboxylic acid (30 mol%) was used as an additive which promotes formation of iminium ion 2.1.48A from aldehyde 2.1.48 and chiral amine catalyst. This iminium intermediate then reacts with diethyl malonate to provide intermediate 2.1.48B which either undergoes hydrolysis to form β-substituted aldehyde 2.1.50 or photo-oxidation by the photoexcited Ru(II) dye to form enamine radical 2.1.48C. Subsequent addition of TEMPO to radical intermediate 2.1.48BC followed by hydrolysis afforded the desired product 2.1.49 (Scheme 25). This mechanism is obeying to a polar/radical crossover sequence where the first stereocontrol arises from the addition of the malonate.Recently, Bach group reported promising preliminary results of enantioselective [2+2] photocycloaddition of cinnamaldehyde in the presence of ruthenium photocatalyst and proline derived organocatalyst. 61
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