Nanosized drug delivery systems have offered promising approaches for cancer theranostics. However, few are effective to simultaneously maximize tumor-specific uptake, imaging, and therapy in a single nanoplatform. Here, we report a simple yet stimuli-responsive anethole dithiolethione (ADT)-loaded magnetic nanoliposome (AML) delivery system, which consists of ADT, hydrogen sulfide (HS) pro-drug, doped in the lipid bilayer, and superparamagnetic nanoparticles encapsulated inside. HepG2 cells could be effectively bombed after 6 h co-incubation with AMLs. For in vivo applications, after preferentially targeting the tumor tissue when spatiotemporally navigated by an external magnetic field, the nanoscaled AMLs can intratumorally convert to microsized HS bubbles. This dynamic process can be monitored by magnetic resonance and ultrasound dual modal imaging. Importantly, the intratumoral generated HS bubbles imaged by real-time ultrasound imaging first can bomb to ablate the tumor tissue when exposed to higher acoustic intensity; then as gasotransmitters, intratumoral generated high-concentration HS molecules can diffuse into the inner tumor regions to further have a synergetic antitumor effect. After 7-day follow-up observation, AMLs with magnetic field treatments have indicated extremely significantly higher inhibitions of tumor growth. Therefore, such elaborately designed intratumoral conversion of nanostructures to microstructures has exhibited an improved anticancer efficacy, which may be promising for multimodal image-guided accurate cancer therapy.
Cancer treatment has a far greater chance of success if the neoplasm is diagnosed before the onset of metastasis to vital organs. Hence, cancer early diagnosis is extremely important and remains a major challenge in modern therapeutics. In this contribution, facile and new method for rapid multimodal tumor bioimaging is reported by using biosynthesized iron complexes and gold nanoclusters via simple introduction of AuCl and Fe ions. The observations demonstrate that the biosynthesized Au nanoclusters may act as fluorescent and computed tomography probes for cancer bioimaging while the iron complexes behave as effective contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. The biosynthesized iron complexes and gold nanoclusters are found biocompatible in vitro (MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay) and in vivo for all the vital organs of circulatory and excretory system. These observations raise the possibility that the biosynthesized probes may find applications in future clinical diagnosis for deep seated early neoplasms by multimodal imaging.
Purpose: Cone-beam (CB) CT is a powerful noninvasive imaging modality, and is widely used in many applications. Accurate geometric parameters are essential for high-quality image reconstruction. Usually, a CBCT system with higher spatial resolution, particularly on the order of microns or nanometers, will be more sensitive to the parametric accuracy. Here, we propose a novel calibration method combining a simple phantom containing ball bearing markers and an advanced optimization procedure. This method can be applied to CBCT with reproducible geometry and frame-to-frame invariant geometric parameters. Methods: Our proposed simplex-simulated annealing procedure minimizes the cost function that associates the geometrical parameters with the degree to which the back projections of the ball bearings in projections from various viewing angles converge, and the global minimum of the cost function corresponds to the actual geometric parameters. Specifically, six geometric parameters can be directly obtained by minimizing the cost function, and the last parameter, the distance from source to rotation axis (SRD), can be obtained using prior knowledge of the phantomthe spacing between the two ball bearings. Results: Numerical simulation was performed to validate that the proposed method with various noise levels. With the proposed method, the mean errors and standard deviations can be reduced to $ 10% and less than 1/3 of a competing benchmark method in the case of strong Gaussian noise (sigma = 200% of the pixel size) and large tilt angle (tilt angle = À4 ). The calibration experiments with micro-CT and high-resolution CT scanners demonstrate that the proposed method recovers imaging parameters accurately, leading to superior image quality. Conclusion: The proposed method can obtain accurate geometric parameters of a CBCT system with a circular trajectory. While in the case of micro-CT the proposed method has a performance comparable to the competing method, for high-resolution CT, which is more sensitive to geometric calibration, the proposed method demonstrates higher calibration accuracy and more robustness than the benchmark algorithm.
This study is the first to report on the anti-MM CSC activity by PTX-NPs as a single agent or used together with anti-ABCG2 mAbs to treat MM. These findings provide a rationale for future clinical trials.
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