Reference genes are commonly used as a reliable approach to normalize the results of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and to reduce errors in the relative quantification of gene expression. Suitable reference genes belonging to numerous functional classes have been identified for various types of species and tissue. However, little is currently known regarding the most suitable reference genes for bone, specifically for the sheep mandibular condyle. Sheep are important for the study of human bone diseases, particularly for temporomandibular diseases. The present study aimed to identify a set of reference genes suitable for the normalization of qPCR data from the mandibular condyle of sheep. A total of 12 reference genes belonging to various functional classes were selected, and the expression stability of the reference genes was determined in both the normal and fractured area of the sheep mandibular condyle. RefFinder, which integrates the following currently available computational algorithms: geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and the comparative ΔCt method, was used to compare and rank the candidate reference genes. The results obtained from the four methods demonstrated a similar trend: RPL19, ACTB, and PGK1 were the most stably expressed reference genes in the sheep mandibular condyle. As determined by RefFinder comprehensive analysis, the results of the present study suggested that RPL19 is the most suitable reference gene for studies associated with the sheep mandibular condyle. In addition, ACTB and PGK1 may be considered suitable alternatives.
The SOS begins to prematurely fuse in Chinese patients with Crouzon syndrome, and there are short and hypoplastic sphenoid bone in these patients. Although a definitive role of prematurely fused SOS in Crouzon syndrome cannot be drawn, our finds provide important clues into the mechanisms, and potentially provide a treatment target for midfacial and cranial vault hypoplasia in Crouzon patients.
In recent years, with the continued development and development of science and technology and the increasing maturity of medical technology, reactive nodular fibrous pseudotumors remain difficult to diagnose. Therefore, this paper studies CT and MRI imaging properties based on hypothetical gastrointestinal and mesangial reactive erythema nodosum fibrous pseudotumors to improve the diagnosis and treatment of reactive nodular fibrous pseudotumors. In this study, 48 patients with gastrointestinal and intermediate-reactive erythema nodosum fibrous pseudotumors in the gastrointestinal tract and experimental group were screened and identified by surgical pathology and immunohistochemistry. CT or magnetic resonance imaging was used in all patients. An analysis is performed, and the diagnostic values are compared with the pathological results. Experiments have proved that the postoperative reexamination of reactive nodular fibrous pseudotumors found that single masses are common, tumor sizes are different, and most small nodules have relatively more uniform lesion density, and the density of the plain scan is close to the muscle density, and the delay can be seen after enhancement. When the mass is large, the density is uniform, and low-density foci of different degrees can be seen in some masses, and this part rarely shows enhancement. The imaging phenomenon and clinical features of reactive nodular fibrous pseudotumors have specific features that distinguish them from invasive tumors such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors and provide an important basis for accurate clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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