Background
The efficacy of low‐voltage‐area (
LVA
) ablation has not been well determined. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of
LVA
ablation in addition to pulmonary vein isolation on rhythm outcomes in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (
AF
).
Methods and Results
VOLCANO (Catheter Ablation Targeting Low‐Voltage Areas After Pulmonary Vein Isolation in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Patients) trial included paroxysmal AF patients undergoing initial AF ablation. Of 398 patients in whom a left atrial voltage map was obtained after pulmonary vein isolation, 336 (85%) had no
LVA
(group A). The remaining 62 (15%) patients with
LVA
s were randomly allocated to undergo
LVA
ablation (group B, n=30) or not (group C, n=32) in a 1:1 fashion. Primary end point was 1‐year
AF
‐recurrence‐free survival rate. No adverse events related to
LVA
ablation occurred. Procedural (124±40 versus 95±33 minutes,
P
=0.003) and fluoroscopic times (29±11 versus 24±8 minutes,
P
=0.034) were longer in group B than group C. Patients with
LVA
s demonstrated lower
AF
‐recurrence‐free survival rates (88%) than those without
LVA
(B, 57%,
P
<0.0001; C, 53%,
P
<0.0001). However,
LVA
ablation in addition to pulmonary vein isolation did not impact
AF
‐recurrence‐free survival rate (group B versus C,
P
=0.67).
Conclusions
The presence of
LVA
was a strong predictor of
AF
recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation in patients with paroxysmal
AF
. However,
LVA
ablation had no beneficial impact on 1‐year rhythm outcomes.
Registration
URL:
https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr
; Unique identifier: UMIN000023403.
Introduction
The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) increases with age. Although the efficacy of cryoballoon ablation (CB‐A) in patients with AF has been demonstrated, data on the efficacy of this CB‐A in elderly patients are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the 1‐year efficacy and safety of CB‐A in patients aged ≥80 years compared with those less than 80 years.
Methods
A total of 49 consecutive patients ≥80 years with paroxysmal AF (PAF) who underwent CB‐A were compared with 241 patients aged <80 years. AF‐free survival rate at 1 year and procedural data were compared between the groups.
Results
Median (25th, 75th quartile) age was 83 (82, 85) years in the older group and 68 (61, 73) years in the younger group. At 1‐year follow‐up, the success rate did not significantly differ between the groups. In Cox regression analysis, age ≥80 years was not significantly related to AF recurrence. Low‐voltage areas were more frequently observed in the elderly group than the control group (39% vs 17%; P = .01). Fluoroscopy time and procedure time did not differ significantly. There was no significant difference in the occurrence rate of transient phrenic nerve palsy. No severe complications occurred in either group, including procedure‐related deaths, atrioesophageal fistula, cardiac tamponade, and cerebrovascular embolic events.
Conclusion
The results of our study showed that CB‐A for PAF is a feasible and safe procedure even in elderly patients, with similar success and complication rates when compared with a younger population.
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