The detection of biogenic amines is of significant interest to the food industry, as they can be used as indicators of food spoilage and they are potentially toxic. Because of their importance, there is a need for automated methods suitable for industry use that can detect a wide range of biogenic amines at sufficient levels for food analysis. In this work, optimized conditions for the automated determination of biogenic amines (histamine, putrescine, cadaverine, spermine, spermidine, tyramine, and tryptamine) derivatized with dansyl chloride are presented. Limits of detection below 0.2 ppm were achieved for seven biogenic amines and percentage recoveries were between 80 and 109% for the seven analytes spiked into meat meal samples. The method is simple and compared well to an existing method for the detection of biogenic amines in pet food ingredients.
The need to monitor biogenic amines levels is essential for many areas of the food industry for two main reasons: the caustic nature and potential toxicity of these amines, and the potential to use amine levels as markers for freshness and quality in foodstuffs. Optimised analysis conditions used for the determination of biogenic amines derivatised with 2-napthyloxycarbonyl chloride has been applied to different pet food samples to assess the effectiveness of this method for complex sample matrices. Further to this, the use of high-resolution mass spectrometry has enabled the previously unconfirmed derivatised form of seven biogenic amines to be established. The derivatised forms identified include as mono substituted (tryptamine and histamine), bisubstituted (putrescine, cadaverine and tyramine), trisubstituted (spermidine) and tetrasubstituted (spermine). The methodology of biogenic amine determination was performed successfully to a range of pet food products highlighting the applicability to a variety of complex sample matrices.
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