Adolescent girls require macro and micronutrients to support their growth spurt. Later in reproductive period they are at greater risk of various reproductive related complications if the requirement of these nutrients were not met. Aim: Thus, this study was designed to compare the macronutrients and micronutrients intake of adolescent girls with Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) values. Methods: A Community based cross-sectional study was carried out in five selected schools of Udupi Taluk by adopting stratified random sampling technique and 422 adolescent girls were enrolled in the study .Data on demographics, dietary pattern, anthropometric measurements were noted. Result: The study results revealed that majority, 65.2% of the adolescent girls were at 15 years of age. The BMI was low to the age,whereas height for age was corresponding in comparison with the WHO growth standard. The daily mean intake of macronutrients namely protein, fat and energy intake was 53.33 g, 47.89 g and 1693.33 kcal respectively. Similarly the daily mean intake of micronutrients like calcium, iron, zinc, was 642.86 mg, 9.74 mg and 1.97 mg respectively. Further analysis of percentage of adequacy of macronutrients and micronutrients showed that 23.1% of the adolescent girls were substantially excess in their protein intake and majority of the adolescent girls were having substantially inadequate intake of various micronutrients including iron and calcium. Conclusion: Majority of adolescent girls were substantially inadequate in their micronutrients intake. Hence there is need for regular sensitizing nutritional programme at school and community level to prevent reproductive related complications in their future life.
It is generally agreed that the kidneys are the only site of 1-hydroxylation of vitamin D and that the abnormal calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis is caused by increased production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-[OH]2D). We describe a patient with sarcoidosis with hypercalcemic nephropathy and end-stage renal disease undergoing long-term maintenance hemodialysis who was initially seen with hypercalcemia and elevated serum levels of 1,25-(OH)2D. Prednisone administration resulted in decreased serum calcium and 1,25-(OH)2D levels. These results confirm the recent evidence for extrarenal production of 1,25-(OH)2D in sarcoidosis and illustrate the importance of altered vitamin D metabolism in the development of hypercalcemia in sarcoidosis.
Abstract:The concept of euthanasia is based on the philosophy of humanism and compassion. It recognizes the autonomy of an individual, freedom of choice to live or die with dignity. It is a very sensitive issue that polarized the world. Euthanasia is one of the most perplexing issues which the world faces today.In this study, the knowledge of postgraduate nursing students and LLB students was assessed by using structured knowledge questionnaire and attitude by attitude scale. The findings of the study revealed that out of 40 postgraduate nursing students, 57.5% were Christians, 35% were Hindus and 7.5% were belonged to other religious groups. Among the LLB students 85% were Hindus, 12.5% were Muslims and 2.5% were Christians. Among the postgraduate nursing students, 80% were females and among LLB students, 60% were females. The result also showed that, 62.5% of the nursing and LLB students had good knowledge and 65% of the nursing students and 57.5% of the LLB students were favouring euthanasia respectively. There was no significant difference between knowledge of nursing students and LLB students.
Background: Sleep is a state of body and mind which typically recurs for several hours every night, in which the nervous system is inactive, eyes closed, the postural muscles relaxed and consciousness practically suspended. Lack of sleep has been linked to emotional and physical health effects. Hence this study is proposed to know the sleep pattern and its effects on health and academics of medical students. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from June to September 2015 on 200 medical students by convenient sampling using pre-tested, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire was given to them. Data was entered in excel sheet and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Mean age of students was 20.65±0.56 SD, 68.5% of the students have normal sleep duration hours. 31.5% of them had abnormal sleep, of which 38.09% and 61.91% of them are affected in health and academics respectively. 35% of students watch television/late night movies and hinder their sleep which depicts the younger generation is much attracted towards browsing at night times which affect their sleep pattern. 34.86% of sleep deprived students went for depression followed by agitation which affected their daily routine at a significant level. Conclusions: Sleep is essential for good physical and mental health. Deprivation of sleep can affect day-today activities. Knowledge about sleep hygiene should be taught from school level itself.
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