Yamamoto S, Han L, Noiri Y, Okiji T. Evaluation of the Ca ion release, pH and surface apatite formation of a prototype tricalcium silicate cement. International Endodontic Journal, 50, e73-e82, 2017. Aim To evaluate the Ca 2+ -releasing, alkalizing and apatite-like surface precipitate-forming abilities of a prototype tricalcium silicate cement, which was mainly composed of synthetically prepared tricalcium silicate and zirconium oxide radiopacifier. Methodology The prototype tricalcium silicate cement, white ProRoot MTA (WMTA) and TheraCal LC (a light-cured resin-modified calcium silicate-filled material) were examined. The chemical compositions were analysed with a wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy electron probe microanalyser with an image observation function (SEM-EPMA). The pH and Ca 2+ concentrations of water in which the set materials had been immersed were measured, and the latter was assessed with the EDTA titration method. The surface precipitates formed on the materials immersed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were analysed with SEM-EPMA and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Kruskal-Wallis tests followed by Mann-Whitney U-test with Bonferroni correction were used for statistical analysis (a = 0.05).Results The prototype cement contained Ca, Si and Zr as major elemental constituents, whereas it did not contain some metal elements that were detected in the other materials. The Ca 2+ concentrations and pH of the immersion water samples exhibited the following order: WMTA = prototype cement > TheraCal LC (P < 0.05). All three materials produced Ca-and P-containing surface precipitates after PBS immersion, and the precipitates produced by TheraCal LC displayed lower Ca/P ratios than those formed by the other materials. XRD peaks corresponding to hydroxyapatite were detected in the precipitates produced by the prototype cement and WMTA. Conclusion The prototype tricalcium silicate cement exhibited similar Ca 2+ -releasing, alkalizing and apatite-like precipitate-forming abilities to WMTA. The Ca 2+-releasing, alkalizing and apatite-like precipitate-forming abilities of TheraCal LC were lower than those of the other materials.

Herein we report ac rystalline molecular rotor with rotationally modulated triplet emission that displays macroscopic dynamics in the form of crystal moving and/or jumping, also knownassalient effects.Molecular rotor 2 with ac entral 1,4-diethynyl-2,3-difluorophenylene rotator linked to two gold(I) nodes,c rystalizes as infinite 1D chains through intermolecular gold(I)-gold(I) interactions.T he rotational motion changes the orientation of the central phenylene, changing the electronic communication between adjacent chromophores,a nd thus the emission intensities.C rystals of 2 showed the large and reversible thermal expansion/compression anisotropy, whicha ccounts for 1) an onlinear Arrhenius behavior in molecular-level rotational dynamics,w hichc orrelates with 2) changes in emission, and determines 3) the macroscopic crystal motion. Am olecular rotor analogue 3 has properties similar to those of 2,s uggesting ag eneralized way to control mechanical properties at molecular and macroscopic scales.

High-resolution computed tomography (CT) was performed in 20 patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis. Images of abnormal peripheral lung were classified into four types: small nodules around the end of bronchovascular branchings (CT type I), small nodules in the centrilobular area connected with small branching linear opacities (CT type II), nodules accompanied by ring-shaped or small ductal opacities connected to proximal bronchovascular bundles (CT type III), large cystic opacities accompanied by dilated proximal bronchi (CT type IV). CT classifications were compared with radiographic classifications and clinical stages of the disease. The comparison revealed that the classification based on CT findings reflected the clinical stages and pathologic process of diffuse panbronchiolitis. The authors conclude that high-resolution CT is useful in the evaluation of both the location and severity of the lesions.

The synthesis of 3-acyl-2-arylindole derivatives was performed through palladium-catalyzed isocyanide insertion and oxypalladation of an alkyne. As a result of the introduction of internal nucleophiles, domino cyclization was also achieved for the synthesis of several tetracyclic indole derivatives. Imidoylpalladium generated by isocyanide insertion is a key intermediate in these reactions.

Potential-dependent adsorption behavior of meso-substituted water-soluble porphyrins at the polarized water|1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) interface was studied by polarization-modulation total internal reflection fluorescence (PM-TIRF) spectroscopy. In the PM-TIRF experiments, the fluorescence signal from the interfacial region was analyzed as a function of the periodic modulation of linear-polarizations (p and s) of the incident excitation beam. The potential-dependence of PM-TIRF responses for meso-substituted porphyrins, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin (H 2 TMPyP 4+ ) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (H 2 TPPS 4− ), indicated that both free base porphyrins were adsorbed with relatively lying orientations at the polarized water|DCE interface. The average orientation angles (θ) were estimated as θ = 61 ± 1°for H 2 TMPyP 4+ and θ = 65 ± 1°for H 2 TPPS 4− with respect to the interface normal. The wavelength-dependence of polarization-modulated fluorescence signals (PM-TIRF spectrum), which corresponds to "pure" emission spectrum of interfacial species, clearly indicated that H 2 TMPyP 4+ and H 2 TPPS 4− are adsorbed with a modification of the solvation at the interface. These results demonstrated a high ability of the PM-TIRF spectroscopy for the direct characterization of fluorescent species adsorbed at polarized liquid|liquid interfaces.

We studied the formation mechanism of the in-plane nuclear field in single self-assembled In 0.75 Al 0.25 As/Al 0.3 Ga 0.7 As quantum dots. The Hanle curves with an anomalously large width and hysteretic behavior at the critical transverse magnetic field were observed in many single quantum dots grown in the same QD sample. In order to explain the anomalies in the Hanle curve indicating the formation of a large nuclear field perpendicular to the photo-injected electron spin polarization, we propose a new model based on the current phenomenological model for dynamic nuclear spin polarization. The model includes the effects of the nuclear quadrupole interaction and the sign inversion between in-plane and out-of-plane g-factors, and the model calculations reproduce successfully the characteristics of the observed anomalies in the Hanle curves.

IVIG promotes bactericidal activity of neutrophils against multi-drug-resistant bacteria and enhancement of neutrophil autophagy, which may be a critical role in the bactericidal activity of neutrophils.

The adsorption and self-aggregation of anionic porphyrins were studied at the polarized water|1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) interface by polarization-modulation total internal reflection fluorescence (PM-TIRF) spectroscopy. 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin diacid (HTPPS) and protoporphyrin IX (HPP) exhibited high surface activities at the interface. The selective excitation of interfacial species in PM-TIRF measurements elucidated the potential-induced aggregation mechanism of the porphyrins. The J-aggregates of HTPPS were reversibly formed only at the water|DCE interface by applying appropriate potentials even when the porphyrins exist as monomers in the aqueous and organic solutions. In the HPP system, the slow aggregation process was found in the negative potential region. The spectral characteristics and the signal phase of PM-TIRF indicated that the HPP monomers were adsorbed with relatively standing orientation and that the long axis of the J-aggregates was nearly in plane of the interface. HPP was also investigated at the biomimetic phospholipid-adsorbed water|DCE interface. The competitive adsorption of neutral glycerophospholipids effectively inhibited the potential-dependent adsorption and interfacial aggregation processes of HPP. The results demonstrated that the aggregation state of the charged species can reversibly be controlled at liquid|liquid interfaces as a function of externally applied potential.