Fluorescence-phosphorescence dual-emissive compoundsa re valuablet ools for ratiometric luminescence sensing.H erein, it is reported that 2,5-bis(phenylsulfonyl)-and 2,5-bis[bis(4-methoxyphenyl)phosphinyl]-1,4disiloxybenzenes exhibit dual emission with emission peaks that were easily identified without performing timegated measurement. The disiloxybenzenes in powder simultaneously fluoresced and phosphoresced at 358-374 and 457-470 nm, respectively,u nder vacuum.T he intensity ratios of the phosphorescence/fluorescence maxima of the disiloxybenzenes in powder and in at hin film of poly-(methyl methacrylate) weres ensitive to temperature and molecular oxygen, respectively.T he plots of the relative intensity versust emperature or partial pressureofm olecular oxygen were well fitted with calibration curvesd efined by an exponential approximation with excellent correlation coefficients R 2 (0.9708-0.9921), demonstrating the high potential of the disiloxybenzenes as precious metalfree probes applicable to ratiometric luminescence sensing.Organicl uminophores that exhibit dual emission of fluorescence and phosphorescence at room temperature are versatile materials because they are applicable in bio-imaging, data security protection,w hite-light emission, and ratiometric luminescences ensing of molecular oxygen, temperature, and solvent viscosity. [1,2] To attain the dual emission at RT,au nique molecular design is essential, which balances the rates of fluorescence and intersystem crossing( ISC) and suppresses RTcaused nonradiatived ecayso ft he excited triplet states (T n ). The conventionala pproach to realize dual emission involves design of (co)polymersc onsisting of fluorescent organic chromophores andp hosphorescent precious metal complexes. [3] Dual-emissive metal complexeswerealso developed with careful design of ligands and choice of am etal ion. [4] Precious metals accelerateboth ISC and phosphorescence at RT.However,t hey are limited resources and thus expensive.P recious metal complexes also exhibit cytotoxicity,w hich is an undesirable characteristic, especially in applications involving imaging and sensing in biological environments. The molecular design of metal complexes is less flexible than that of metal-free organic luminophores. Therefore, fluorescent-phosphorescent dual-emissive small molecules, free of precious metals are greatly desired.The pioneering examples of precious metal-free luminophores exhibiting the dual emissiona tR Tare poly(lactic acid)tethered boron difluoride dibenzoylmethane derivatives developed by Fraser and co-workers. [5] Owing to the growing interest in the design and development of precious metal-free organic phosphors, [6] the number of metal-free small molecules that simultaneously fluoresce and phosphorescea tR Ti si ncreasing. However, almost all of such dual-emissive luminophores reported so far exhibit intense fluorescencew ith faint phosphorescence whose emission peak cannotb ed etected by using steady-state luminescence measurements. [7] In other words, there a...
Dual emission of fluorescence and phosphorescence whose emission maxima are easily identified by steady‐state measurement is achieved with 2,5‐bis(acceptor)‐1,4‐bis(siloxy)benzenes consisting of C, H, O, Si, and S/P without the aid of precious metals such as iridium and platinum. The dual‐emissive benzenes made it possible to accomplish highly accurate ratiometric luminescence sensing of molecular oxygen and temperature. More information can be found in the Communication by M. Shimizu et al. on page 5162.
Background
Opportunistic infections associated with immunosuppressive treatments for inflammatory bowel disease pose an important safety concern. Here we report the case of a patient with active ulcerative colitis and cryptococcal pneumonia who was treated with vedolizumab combined with fluconazole.
Case presentation
A 56-year-old Japanese man with ulcerative colitis and a history of Sweet’s syndrome who was taking prednisolone and azathioprine presented with a moderate exacerbation of ulcerative colitis, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stools along with cytomegalovirus infection. Increasing the prednisolone dose without using antiviral drugs improved cytomegalovirus infection; however, ulcerative colitis did not improve, and cryptococcal pneumonia occurred. Thus, treatment with fluconazole followed by vedolizumab was initiated for ulcerative colitis. The patient gradually recovered and achieved clinical remission without the exacerbation of pneumonia.
Conclusions
We reported the first case of a patient with ulcerative colitis who was treated with vedolizumab and concomitant fluconazole for active cryptococcal pneumonia. Vedolizumab constitutes a high-potential treatment regimen owing to its safety in inflammatory bowel disease associated with opportunistic infections.
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