This study uses a content analysis method to systematically review 83 research papers from 2002-2018 to explore consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce research trends. The findings of this study indicate that (1) C2C e-commerce is discussed and investigated in many disciplines, but mainly published in e-commerce journals; (2) studies on C2C e-commerce increasingly focus on diverse topics, but concentrate on regions such as China and the United States; (3) the focus of academic collaboration has shifted from domestic to international collaboration, and collaboration within the same institution. However, collaboration is scarce across different study teams; (4) the data-driven approach is the main approach used in studies on C2C e-commerce; (5) while the number of recent C2C e-commerce studies adopted theories is increasing, few have developed theoretical frameworks or models. Finally, study implications and future study suggestions are also discussed.
The anaerobic treatment of industrial wastewater has attracted a significant amount of interest. 11 However, excessive fouling complicates the treatment of anaerobic reactor effluent with 12 membranes, which limits the application of membranes as a tertiary treatment. Here, we use an 13 anaerobic sequencing batch reactor coupled to electrically conducting ultrafiltration and 14 nanofiltration membranes to treat high-strength industrial wastewater containing high 15 concentrations of benzyl alcohol, a commercial paint stripper. We demonstrate that an anaerobic 16 process can be used successfully to degrade this contaminant. We also show that the application 17 of negative electrical potential to the ultrafiltration membrane surface prevents membrane 18 fouling and allows for higher operational fluxes during the treatment of complex wastewater 19 streams. The application of positive potential to the membrane surface increases membrane 20 fouling, as well as hindering the cleaning and recovery of the nanofiltration membranes. Overall,
BackgroundSmall cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) of the ureter is a rare tumour, accounting for less than 0.5% of all ureteral tumours. SCNEC tumours are highly aggressive and patients have a poor prognosis. Ureteral SCNEC colliding with other pathological types of tumours is extremely rare. In this paper, we present the case of a patient with ureteral small cell carcinoma colliding with squamous cell carcinoma and review the literature regarding the clinicopathological features, treatment and prognosis of thus tumour. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second identified case of ureteral SCNEC colliding with SCC.Case PresentationA 64-year-old male patient presented with a history of 1 month of gross haematuria and 3 months of left flank pain. CT urography revealed a soft tissue mass in the upper ureter, which was slightly enhanced on contrast-enhanced CT. Nephroureterectomy was performed after the patient was diagnosed with a tumour in the left ureter. Microscopy and immunohistochemical examination confirmed the mass to be a SCNEC collision with SCC. Two months after the surgery, the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy (cisplatin/etoposide). After 14 months of follow-up, no local recurrence or distant metastasis was found.ConclusionUreteral collision carcinoma with SCNEC predominantly occurs in Asian individuals, is difficult to diagnose preoperatively and is highly invasive. The current management of ureteral collision carcinoma is a comprehensive treatment based on surgery.
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