In today’s world, urban area house a majority of the population of any country. Analysis of both historical and real-time data results in an enhanced understanding of the urban infrastructures systems and consequently in an improvement in their management, By 2030 it is estimated to grow more. As urban areas are resorting to smart methods, either by IoT or by redesign of existing service sector, underground drainage plays a prominent role to provide a healthy environment, good hygiene and safety to a large population density. For this a good underground drainage system is necessary. We can bring about a change by simplifying and reducing the cost of maintenance of existing system. This can done by drastically reducing the time taken to pinpoint the area affected. By replacing existing manhole with sensor based manhole cover at certain key locations, real time data like flow rate of water, concentration of toxic gases can be determined. This data is sent to the authorized service station prior to its blockage thus preventing the flooding of streets through a speedy maintenance regime.
It remains undeciphered how thermophilic enzymes display enhanced stability at elevated temperatures. Taking l-asparaginase from P. furiosus (PfA) as an example, we combined scattering shapes deduced from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data at increased temperatures with symmetry mates from crystallographic structures to find that heating caused end-to-end association. The small contact point of self-binding appeared to be enabled by a terminal short β-strand in N-terminal domain, Leu179-Val-Val-Asn182 (LVVN). Interestingly, deletion of this strand led to a defunct enzyme, whereas suplementation of the peptide LVVN to the defunct enzyme restored structural frameworkwith mesophile-type functionality. Crystal structure of the peptide-bound defunct enzyme showed that one peptide ispresent in the same coordinates as in original enzyme, explaining gain-of lost function. A second peptide was seen bound to the protein at a different location suggesting its possible role in substrate-free molecular-association. Overall, we show that the heating induced self-assembly of native shapes of PfA led to an apparent super-stable assembly.
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