PurposeThe objectives of the study were to identify the incidence and pattern of dry eye after phacoemulsification and manual small incision cataract surgeries.MethodsThe study consisted of two groups of patients - Group 1 underwent manual small incision cataract surgery (SICS) and Group 2 underwent phacoemulsification. The dry eye-related data was collected preoperatively and at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, tear break-up time (TBUT) and Schirmer test – 1 were used to record the type of dry eye.ResultsOne hundred eyes of 96 patients, including 35 (36.5%) men and 61 (63.5%) women with the mean age of 63.1 (±8.3) years were studied. Dry eyes were found in 42% eyes (p < 0.001) of patients at 1 week follow-up. Fifteen percent and 9% of the eyes were dry at 1 month and 3 months after surgery, respectively. There were 34 (53.1%) and 8 (22.2%) dry eyes in SICS and phacoemulsification groups, respectively at one week postoperative follow-up which was a statistically significant difference.Majority of eyes (27/42, 64.3%) had mild dryness. There were significant differences in TBUT at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. At 1 week review, the SICS group had mean TUBT of 10.0 (±0.55) sec as compared to 13.9 (±0.70) sec in phacoemulsification group (p < 0.001).ConclusionIncidence of dry eye is higher in SICS than phacoemulsification due to tear film instability. The clinicians should be conscious about dry eye symptoms and signs in an otherwise healthy eye after cataract surgery.

Congenital eyelid imbrication syndrome (CEIS) is an extremely rare, benign, transient, self-limiting eyelid malposition disorder. The classic triad of signs in patients with a CEIS consists of bilateral upper eyelids overriding the lower eyelids when child was in sleep, bilateral medial and lateral canthal tendon laxity and tarsal conjunctival hyperemia. We report a third case of congenital combined eyelid imbrication and floppy eyelid syndrome in healthy neonate that was resolved within a week with conservative treatment.

Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis (ECCL) is a rare, sporadic congenital neurocutaneous disorder that characteristically involves ectomesodermal tissues, such as skin, eyes, and central nervous system. A 3-day-old girl presented with swelling in her right eye since birth. Ocular examination of the right eye showed hypertrophy of bulbar conjunctiva with limbal dermoid, clouding of cornea, and atypical upper eyelid coloboma. The left eye showed conjunctival congestion and corneal vascularization. Dermatological examination showed alopecia, nevus psiloliparus, focal dermal hypoplasia on forehead, multiple focal aplastic lesions on the scalp, skin tag at canthus, and lipoma in the fronto-temporal region. Imaging revealed calcification of the right globe, hydrocephalus, agenesis of corpus callosum, multiple intracranial cysts, calcification, and lipomas. The constellation of these clinical and the imaging findings led to a diagnosis of encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis. This case report and review of the literature is presented to provide a synopsis of problems likely to be encountered by an ophthalmologist who treats patients with ECCL.

Lacrimal gland abscess is a rare clinical entity. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Klebsiella pneumoniae-associated dacryoadenitis complicated by lacrimal gland abscess formation in a pediatric patient.

A retrobulbar orbital abscess secondary to congenital dacryocystitis is extremely rare. External abscess drainage, probing, and syringing with broad spectrum intravenous antibiotics was performed in a 22-day-old neonate who was examined for congenital dacryocystitis complicated by retrobulbar orbital abscess formation.

Background: Rapid modernization of the world requires more attention thereby aggravating eye strain in individuals, resulting into various types of headache disorders. Headache-related disorders are an important cause of disability worldwide, and ophthalmic causes for headache are well known.

An 18-year-old Indian girl with upper lip deformity presented with on and off painless swelling of her both upper eyelids for 3 years. Clinical evaluation revealed bilateral blepharochalasis, narrowing of horizontal palpebral fissure, decreased outer intercanthal distance, iris coloboma, cleft soft palate, bifid uvula, sensorineural deafness and double upper lip. Clinical examination of the thyroid, thyroid hormone assay and ultrasonography revealed normal thyroid gland structure and function. Ascher's syndrome was diagnosed. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Ascher's syndrome associated with iris coloboma, heterochromia iridum, and narrowing of horizontal palpebral fissure and decreased outer intercanthal distance secondary to lengthening of lateral canthal ligament.

Dislocation of intraocular lens (IOL) is a serious complication of blunt ocular trauma in pseudophakic eyes. Here, a 72-year-old male patient with subconjunctival dislocation of an IOL (pseudophacocele) secondary to bull horn injury was reported. In this case report, a new sign named as “golden half ring sign” was described for easy identification and localization of subconjunctival dislocation of IOL in patient with open globe injury (surgical wound dehiscence) associated dense subconjunctival hemorrhage.