This study investigated the aqueous lactic acid extraction process using indigenous ultrafine polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane contactor. Ultrafine PVDF hollow fibers with tighter pore structure were produced by wet spinning technique and fabricated in-house with an epoxy resin. A kinetic study was performed by varying acid concentrations ranging from 60 to 1320 mol/m 3 in an aqueous phase and 210-620 mol/m 3 tri-n-octylamine
The significance of the present study is to purify small therapeutic biomolecules such as urea, cobalamin, and insulin of molecular weights below 10 kDa through surface grafted polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. The membranes were synthesized by adding an additive of 6 kDa polyethylene glycol (PEG) and grafted with acrylic acid (AA) by varying the concentrations from 2 to 6 wt. % under UV-induce phtocataltic reaction. These membranes were characterized by various tools such as Scanning electron microscope ((SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectra (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and contact angle for membrane morphological, structural, thermal stability, and hydrophilicity, respectively. The degree of grafting and their MWCOs of the indigenous membranes were analyzed using various molecular weight solutions of PEG. After PEG doping, the PWF of the membrane was enhanced to 41.50 L m− 2 h− 1 for PES [6+] [0], and a similar trend was also observed for the PEG doped PES grafted membranes. From the experimental results, the synthesized membranes of additive loaded with 5 and 6 wt. % AA grafted PES reject 90 % of the insulin and cobalamin. The results are found to be in correlation with the MWCO values of these membranes ranging from 1 to 10 kDa. From the overall characterization and experimental observations, it can be confirmed that these indigenously synthesized flat sheet grafted membranes showed excellent permeabilities and higher % rejection towards the therapeutic biomolecules.
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