This paper presents the bacterial foraging(BF) optimization control technique for designing the integral controller gain, which is applied to AGC in interconnected multiarea system under the deregulated environment (considering all practical aspects) to control the tie line power and frequency of the interconnected system. Each area's comprises of one hydro and one thermal generating station. Further each area has two GENCO's and two DISCO's which have bilateral contract with each other. Three different cases of disturbances in the system are considered and controllers gain are optimized using BFO. The optimized gain is used in the system to improve its performance. MATLAB-SIMULINK is used to study the performance of the system.
Modern fuel cell technologies use Nafion as the material
of choice
for the proton exchange membrane (PEM) and as the binding material
(ionomer) used to assemble the catalyst layers of the anode and cathode.
These applications demand high proton conductivity as well as other
requirements. For example, PEM is expected to block electrons, oxygen,
and hydrogen from penetrating and diffusing while the anode/cathode
ionomer should allow hydrogen/oxygen to move easily, so that they
can reach the catalyst nanoparticles. Given some of the well-known
limits of Nafion, such as low glass-transition temperature, the community
is in the midst of an active search for Nafion replacements. In this
work, we present an informatics-based scheme to search large polymer
chemical spaces, which includes establishing a list of properties
needed for the targeted applications, developing predictive machine-learning
models for these properties, defining a search space, and using the
developed models to screen the search space. Using the scheme, we
have identified 60 new polymer candidates for PEM, anode ionomer,
and cathode ionomer that we hope will be advanced to the next step,
i.e., validating the designs through synthesis and testing. The proposed
informatics scheme is generic, and it can be used to select polymers
for multiple applications in the future.
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