Industrialization plays a major role in strengthening the economy of any country. However, these industries directly or indirectly affect the environment. Industrial wastewater discharge has been reported with certain heavy metals such as chromium, lead, cobalt, and others which are a potential hazard to the water bodies and humans as well. Biofilm is an applied method in the fields of bioremediation for reliving this emerging problem and in the efficient removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Biofilms of Escherichia coli and petroleum soil isolated microorganisms (PSIM) were developed at the V bottom of 96 well microtiter plate. The contaminated water sample was collected from the textile industry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India. The biofilms were incubated with the industrial water tested for heavy metals assuming the microbes have the potential to assimilate the heavy metals up to 5 mg/mL of concentration. After the incubation for 1-2 weeks, the microorganisms were able to reduce the level of heavy metals present in the samples which was conveyed by biomass comparison of microorganisms in the successive intervals of time. 0.74 × 10 10 cells/mL and 0.77 × 10 10 cell/mL of E. coli and PSIM biofilms were able to tolerate the metal toxicity on incubation for 2 weeks at the highest concentration due to the functional group present extracellular polymeric substance which forms complexes with heavy metals. This leads to the fact that these biofilms have assimilated the heavy metals and are potent for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater.
In urban area information on landuse and land cover is important for monitoring, planning and management land resources. Remote sensing satellite data and Geographical Information System (GIS) are vital tools in mapping of land use and land cover in urban areas because of availability of historical high resolution satellite data. In the present study land use and land cover change analysis have been done in Baltana area of Zirakpur of Punjab and part of Sector-19, Panchkula city, Haryana. The study area is located between the latitudes 30 40'50.62”N to 30 40'6.91”N and longitudes 76 49'18.18”E to 76.50'5.61”E. The study area covers an area of 96.49 Hect. Google earth satellite data for the years 2002and 2018 have been used in the study for change analysis in land use and land cover. The study shows that during 2002 to2018 built-up area increased 29.57 Hect., agriculture land increased 2.92 Hect., agriculture plantation area increased1.48 Hect., park area increased 0.54 Hect, road area increased 7.53 Hect,, vacant land area decreased 41.30 Hect anddrainage area decreased 0.74 Hect. This study is highly useful for planning and management of land use and land cover in the study area
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