Background:Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis remains the most common ocular opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome even in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Increased survival of patients on HAART has increased incidence of blindness, which will further increase in the future. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of CMV retinitis and the effect of HAART on the natural history of CMV retinitis in patients referred from ART center.Materials and Methods:Patients with baseline/current CD4 counts <150 cells/µl were evaluated for CMV retinitis. Complete ophthalmological evaluation was carried out and records of CD4 counts, HAART regime, presence of any form of CMV retinitis and response to HAART were noted.Results:Out of 800 patients registered with CD4 <150 cells/µl in ART center, 100 patients reached us. Among these, CMV retinitis was observed in 15% patients, with median CD4 count at the time of examination being 56 cells/µl (range: 24-306 cells/µl). 66.67% patients were HAART non-responders and 63.6% eyes were economically blind.Conclusion:CMV retinitis occurs even in patients with higher CD4 counts. Timely diagnosis and intervention of this treatable condition can reduce the number of blinding years in these young patients who otherwise live longer as a result of HAART.
The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in partnership with state highway agencies (State DOTs) offers an annual program known as the National Summer Transportation Institute (NSTI). This program is typically held in most states across the nation and aims to increase awareness of the potential career opportunities in the transportation industry among middle and/or high school students. The program focuses on minority, female, and underrepresented groups of middle and/or high school students. In this paper, a discussion of the outcomes of the NSTI program, hosted by Rowan University in the summer of 2017, and the degree to which the program met its goals will be presented. To fulfill these goals, faculty from the Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE) department and Center for Research and Education in Advanced Transportation Engineering Systems (CREATEs) at Rowan University prepared a comprehensive academic and enhancement curriculum. This curriculum included a variety of activities that aimed to introduce three modes of transportation (i.e., air, land, and water) along with relevant safety concepts to high school students. To assess the degree to which the goals of the program were achieved, several evaluation forms were prepared and distributed to the participating students on daily activities, field-trips, and end of the program evaluation. Based on the analysis of the evaluation forms, it was found that the curriculum utilized was successful at achieving the goals of the NSTI program. The evaluation results also indicated that the participating students enjoyed the various sessions and activities, thus, suggesting that the management of the program at Rowan University was successful.
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