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Surface composites of WE43 Mg alloy reinforced with TiC nanoparticles were successfully fabricated using friction stir processing. The effects of various tool profiles, tool rotation, and transverse speeds on the metallurgical and mechanical properties of as-received and WE43/TiC composites were comprehensively investigated. The dispersion of TiC nanoparticles was uniform throughout the stir zone. The square tool at 1700 rev min−1 rotational speed and 60 mm min−1 transverse speed produced the finest grain structure in the composites, exhibiting maximum microhardness (151.7 Hv), maximum nano-hardness (1.596 GPa), maximum elastic moduli (36.54 GPa), and minimum wear rate (0.0279 mm3 min−1). Conversely, a square tool at 800 rev min−1 and 60 mm min−1 transverse speed produced the best mechanical properties in the WE43 alloy.

This paper details the application of ANN in hardfacing technique to determine the optimal process parameters for submerged arc welding (SAW). The planned experiments are conducted on the semiautomatic submerged arc welding machine. The relationships between process parameters (arc current, arc voltage, welding speed, electrode protrusion, and preheat temperature) and welding performance (deposition rate, hardness, and dilution) are established. A Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA) optimization algorithm with a performance index is then applied to the neural network for searching the optimal process parameters. Experimental results have shown that welding performance can be enhanced by using this new approach

In present research work, an attempt has been made on the development of titanium carbide–reinforced magnesium-based surface composites through friction stir processing technique. Particularly, attempt has been made to observe the influence of input processing conditions, namely tools-pin geometry, travel speed, and rotational speed for the mechanical importance (surface hardness and elastic modulus) of the developed composites. Further, the, incurred modifications in the metallurgical characteristics and corrosion behaviour of the developed composites have also been analysed through microscopic and scanning electron microscopy, and immersion fluid test, respectively. It has been found that the quality characteristics of the composites have been greatly influenced by the selected range of input variables. As noticed, the grain size of the magnesium alloy has been significantly reduced from 22.42 to 6.6 µm. Furthermore, the maximum level of the micro-hardness (180 HV0.3) of the processed composite with square-shaped tool-pin geometry. Moreover, the degradation rate of the processed composite is found to be 45% lesser than the unprocessed magnesium alloy.