Background: The typical hearing loss described among diabetes patients is progressive, bilateral, sensorineural deafness of gradual onset that predominantly affects the higher frequencies. Although there is mounting evidence for a relationship between diabetes and hearing impairment the awareness of auditory organ involvement in the course of diabetes is still not widespread among healthcare providers involved in diabetes care. Objective of present study was to assess the prevalence and the factors influencing sensorineural deafness among the patients with type II diabetes mellitus.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at our hospital for a period of 6 months. All type II diabetes patients without any other major systemic illness (CVA, coronary artery disease, thyroid disorders) were included for the study. A total of 300 patients were included in our study and the informed consent was obtained from all the study participants. A detailed history related to hearing loss and diabetes status was elicited from all the patients. All basic blood investigations along with HbA1c was performed on all the patients. All the patients were subjected to pure tone audiometry and it was performed using a pure tone audiometer model AUL 12096 audiometer of Labat company in a sound proof room.Results: The total prevalence of sensori-neural deafness among the study subjects was found to be 51.3% with majority of them having mild to moderate degree of sensori-neural deafness. Increase in age, female gender, longer duration of diabetes and higher HbA1C levels are the factors which had influenced the state of sensorineural deafness among the study subjects.Conclusions: The use of audiological test at primary care level should be made mandate for screening all the diabetes patients for hearing loss such a way the quality of life can be improved for patients requiring therapeutic interventions for their hearing improvement.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Anatomical variations like nasal septal deviations, concha bullosa, paradoxical middle turbinate, pneumatized or medially bent uncinate etc. can encroach upon the ostiomeatal unit and narrow ostiomeatal channels. The aim of the study was to study the anatomical variations of ostiomeatal complex commonly associated with paranasal sinus disease among patients with chronic sinusitis using computed tomography.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in the ENT department of our hospital for a period of one year. All the adult patients with complaints suggestive of chronic rhinosinusitis for a period of more than 12 weeks, patients with acute exacerbation of chronic rhinosinusitis and with persistent chronic rhinosinusitis requiring surgical intervention are included in our study. Based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria a total of 138 patients were involved in the study.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our study we saw the association between various sinusitis and the anatomic variations of the ostiomeatal complex and we found that concho bullosa found to have a strong significant association with maxillary sinusitis (43.6%) and anterior ethmoid sinusitis (42.1%). Most of the patients with posterior ethmoid sinusitis (53.8%) had a statistical significant association in developing deviated nasal septum type of anatomical variant and majority of the patients with sphenoidal sinusitis had a onodi cell type of anatomical variant and their association was found to be statistical significant (p&lt;0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The importance of CT scan and nasal endoscopy is emphasized in patients with persistent symptoms to identify the anatomical variations that may contribute to the development of chronic sinus mucosal disease. </p>

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Brain stem evoked response audiometry (BERA) is a useful objective assessment of hearing. The major advantage of this procedure is its ability to test even infants in whom conventional audiometry may not be useful. This investigation can be used as a screening test for deafness at high risk. This study is to correlate changes in brainstem evoked response audiometry parameters concerning lipid profile.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was conducted between January 2019 to June 2020 on 50 patients attending ENT OPD in Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupanandha Variyar Medical College and Hospital, Salem. All patients with auditory and/or vestibular complaints were seen at the otorhinolaryngology OPD and underwent an otorhinolaryngological examination, audiological studies (pure tone audiometry) and an electrophysiological assessment BERA.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The results of BERA was considered. A total of 5 waveforms and 3 interpeak latency waves were calculated. It was recorded from both the ears. There was a significant increase in the values of absolute waves II, III, IV, and V and interpeak latency wave values I-II and I-V.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Early identification of hyperlipidemic patients is useful in preventing disease progression and associated morbidity and mortality. BERA is a non-invasive method which can help us to detect central auditory pathway dysfunction at early stages in hyperlipidemic patients even before the patient's experience symptomatic hearing loss.</p>

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Septoplasty is an elective surgical procedure indicated for the improvement of anatomic nasal airway obstruction. Platelets have an important role in endothelium damage repair and regulating hemostasis. Platelets produce pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines during vascular inflammation. Aim of the study was to determine various types of changes that occur in Haematology and Platelet profile in patients after they undergo Septoplasty.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was conducted between January 2019 to June 2020 on 50 patients attending ENT OPD in Vinayaka Mission’s KirupanandhaVariyar Medical College and Hospital, Salem. 50 patients fulfilling inclusion/ exclusion criteria who give informed consent were included in the study.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The parameters with no significant differences were found in red blood cells, white blood cells, platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, haemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Htc), mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and platelet distribution width values. mean platelet volume (MPV) value was decreased, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values were increased.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In our study, MPV value was decreased, PLR and NLR values were increased significantly after septoplasty. Also, the decrease in nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) score after surgery is the confirmatory parameter proving that septoplasty not only improves the quality of life but also significantly corrects the altered blood and platelet related parameters in nasal septal deviation patients.</p>

Introduction Vocal Cord Paralysis may be of central or peripheral origin based on the underlying pathology. Central Causes contribute about 10% while peripheral causes about 90% and the current study evaluated the clinical profile of vocal cord paralysis. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the department of ENT for a period of one year. Patients with complaints of hoarseness or aspiration who on laryngoscopy examination with 45° telescope have been diagnosed to have vocal cord paralysis were included for the study. A total of 83 patients were included in our study. Results Vocal cord palsy was found most commonly after thyroidectomy (20.4%) followed by the idiopathic cause (19.2%). Certain cancers like lung cancer and neck cancers (hypopharyngeal, laryngeal and thyroid) carcinoma had also contributed significantly in the development of vocal cord palsy.  Left sided vocal cord palsy (65%) was found to be the commonest side affected followed by bilateral vocal cord palsy. Conclusion A proper protocol is necessary for identifying the factors responsible for vocal fold paralysis which would help in managing the condition more effectively. Before making a diagnosis as idiopathic vocal cord paralysis, detailed investigations should be carried out to rule out the possibilities of cancer, causing vocal cord paralysis.

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<p><strong>Background:</strong> The Rinne tuning fork test is used routinely in clinical ENT examination. It is used to assess the person’s hearing acuity. Ideally, 3 tuning forks are used 256, 512 and 1024 Hz. Rinne tuning fork tests can be used to diagnose conductive hearing loss. Aim of our study an attempt is made to find the utility of three different tuning forks (256,512,1024 Hz) for quantification of conductive hearing loss and their accuracy.</p><p><strong>M</strong><strong>ethods:</strong> A retrospective study with a sample size of 300 was undertaken over 12 months from April 2018 to March 2019 at the out-patient department of ENT of VMKV medical college and hospital, Salem. Patients of both sexes and aged above 10 yrs presenting with conductive hearing loss due to varied etiology were subjected to complete ENT examination including Rinne test with three different tuning forks (256, 512, 1024 Hz).</p><p><strong>R</strong><strong>esults:</strong> The results of all the tuning forks (256, 512, 1024 Hz) shows that 29 patients were Rinne’s positive to all tuning forks had the air-bone gap range of 15 dB to 19 dB with a mean air-bone gap of 17.63 dB. 83 patients were negative to 256 Hz tuning fork but positive to 512 and 1024 Hz tuning forks had the air-bone gap range of 20 to 29 dB with a mean air-bone gap of 25.46 dB.</p><p><strong>C</strong><strong>onclusions: </strong>We conclude that Rinne’s tuning fork test can be used to quantify the degree of conductive hearing loss into mild (20-30 dB), moderate (30-45 dB), and severe (45-60 dB).</p>