This work focussed on the synthesis of a new catalytic material
isinglass (IG)-based Fe
3
O
4
@GA@IG core/shell
magnetic nanoparticles and the investigation of its catalytic activity
in two important multicomponent reactions. Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticles were prepared using a simple coprecipitation method
and then coated with IG consisting predominantly of the protein collagen
in the presence of glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent. The obtained
hybrid material has been characterized by Fourier transform infrared
analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy
(TEM), vibrating sample magnetometry, energy-dispersive X-ray, X-ray
diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analyses.
The results of XRD analysis implied that the prepared nanocomposite
consists of two compounds of crystalline magnetite and amorphous IG,
and the formation of its core/shell structure had been confirmed by
TEM images. The catalytic performance of the as-prepared core/shell
bionanocatalyst was evaluated for the first time in the synthesis
of 1,4-dihydropyridine and 4
H
-pyran derivatives under
sonication in ethanol. This core/shell structure because of the superparamagnetic
property of Fe
3
O
4
and unique properties of IG
as a bifunctional biocatalyst offers a high potential for many catalytic
applications. Recycling study revealed that no significant decrease
in the catalytic activity was observed even after six runs.
In this paper, chitin (Ch) was extracted by an optimized method from cuttlebone of the Persian Gulf cuttlefish (Sepiidae, Cephalopoda). The extracted chitin was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) which showed that the extracted chitin was in alpha form. The degree of N-acetylation (DA) and degree of substitution (DS) of α-chitin were calculated using titration method and FTIR spectroscopy and found to be 80–82% and 19.57 respectively. The α-Chitin was used as biomolecules for the preparation of nanostructured Ch/ZnO via a hydrothermal method. The obtained nanocomposite was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The antimicrobial aspect of Ch/ZnO nanocomposite was previously proposed. In this paper, attempt was made to add the catalytic feature to these traits. For this purpose, the nanostructured Ch/ZnO was used as reusable nanocatalyst in the green and efficient synthesis of Benzo[a]pyrano(2,3-c)phenazine derivatives thru a four components microwave aided domino reaction. Eco-friendly, easy work up and separation of the nanostructured catalyst are some of the highlighted features this protocol.
A sustainable combinatorial synthesis of densely substituted pyrimido [1,2-b] benzazole derivatives in water under microwave irradiation was performed using a new lignocellulose-based bio nanocomposite (BNC) as heterogeneous catalyst. The lignocellulosic waste peanut shells (LCWPS) were turned into a value-added product, a new BNC PS/ZnO, which was prepared via in situ hydrothermal synthesis. The as-prepared BNC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectrum. PS/ZnO has been successfully used in a sustainable catalytic method for the synthesis of pyrimido [1, 2-b] benzazole derivatives in water under microwave irradiation. The time of this reaction was significantly reduced. This catalytic system has a very high turnover number (TON ∼ 10 3) and turnover frequency (TOF ∼ 10 5 h −1). This paper presents the benefit of sustainable management of LCWPS, a bio-sourced polymeric carbohydrate for production of new nanocatalyst.
A simple ultrasonic‐assisted method was developed for click synthesize of natural polymer based copper/sandarac resin (CuO/SD) by linking two different unit sandarac resin powder and Cu(CH3COO)2. The CuO/SD nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). All these analysis, showed that the surface of sandarac resin was uniformly covered by a layer of CuO nanoplates. Subsequently, its catalytic activity was studied in the synthesis of 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles via a one‐pot three‐component reaction among benzyl halides, sodium azide and terminal alkynes in water under ultrasonic irradiation. The reduction of copper (II) complexes of terpene acids to catalytic species Cu (I) occurred under ultrasonic conditions during cavitation. The use of natural CuO/SD catalyst in combination with ultrasonic irradiation eliminated the need of a reducing agent, moreover, it is easily separable, and recyclable so made this already efficacious click reaction, even more user‐friendly.
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