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Conventional hemorrhoidectomy is superior to stapled hemorrhoidopexy for prevention of postoperative recurrence of internal hemorrhoids. Fewer patients who received conventional hemorrhoidectomy complained of hemorrhoidal prolapse in long-term follow-up compared with stapled hemorrhoidopexy.

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Indications for liver surgery to treat primary and secondary hepatic malignancies are broadening. Utilizing data from B-mode or 2-dimensional intraoperative ultrasound, it is often challenging to replicate the findings from preoperative CT or MRI scans. Additional data from more recently developed image-guidance technology, which registers preoperative axial imaging to a 3-dimensional real-time model, may be used to improve operative planning, locate difficult to find hepatic tumors, and guide ablations. Laparoscopic liver procedures are often more challenging than their open counterparts. Image-guidance technology can assist in overcoming some of the obstacles to minimally invasive liver procedures by enhancing ultrasound findings and ablation guidance. This manuscript describes a protocol that evaluated an open image-guidance system, and a subsequent protocol that directly compared, for validation, a laparoscopic with an open image-guidance system. Both protocols were limited to ablations within the liver. The laparoscopic image-guidance system successfully creates a 3-D model at both 7 and 14 mm Hg that is similar to the open 3-D model. Ultimately, improving intraoperative image guidance can help expand the ability to perform both laparoscopic and open liver surgeries.

The application of minimally invasive approaches to pancreatic resection for benign and malignant diseases has been growing in the last two decades. Studies have demonstrated that laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) is feasible and safe, and many of them show that compared to open distal pancreatectomy, LDP has decreased blood loss and length of hospital stay, and equivalent post-operative complication rates and shortterm oncologic outcomes. LDP is becoming the procedure of choice for benign or small low-grade malignant lesions in the distal pancreas. Minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy (MIPD) has not yet been widely adopted. There is no clear evidence in favor of MIPD over open pancreaticoduodenectomy in operative time, blood loss, length of stay or rate of complications. Robotic surgery has recently been applied to pancreatectomy, and many of the advantages of laparoscopy over open surgery have been observed in robotic surgery. Laparoscopic enucleation is considered safe for patients with small, benign or low-grade malignant lesions of the pancreas that is amenable to parenchyma-preserving procedure. As surgeons' experience with advanced laparoscopic and robotic skills has been growing around the world, new innovations and breakthrough in minimally invasive pancreatic procedures will evolve. Key words: Laparoscopy; Distal pancreatectomy; Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Robotic pancreatectomy; Enucleation Core tip: This review discusses recent advances in laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP), minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy (MIPD), and enucleation. Recent studies show that LDP have improved perioperative recovery and equivalent oncologic outcomes. Studies on MIPD demonstrate that it is safe in terms of intra-operative outcomes, post-operative recovery and early oncologic outcomes; however, it requires advanced laparoscopic skills. Laparoscopic enucleation has become the operation of choice for small benign tumours that are away from the main pancreatic duct, especially insulinomas. We also summarize key results in pre-operative, perioperative and post-operative outcomes from contemporary series comparing open and laparoscopic pancreatic resections in the tables.

Carbon dioxide embolism during LH occurs frequently. Clinically, this finding appears to be nominal, but care must be taken when dissection around large veins is performed, and awareness by the surgical and anesthesiology teams of potential venous air embolism is essential. Further evaluation of this phenomenon is required.

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Background: Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (LSC) can be employed when extensive fibrosis or inflammation of the cystohepatic triangle prohibits safe dissection of the cystic duct and artery. The purpose of this study was to compare postoperative outcomes in patients with severe cholecystitis who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) or LSC. Methods: In this retrospective study, we compared the postoperative outcomes of patients with severe cholecystitis who underwent LC or LSC between July 2010 and July 2016 at St. Joseph's Health Centre, Toronto. We further stratified LSC cases on the basis of the extent of gallbladder (GB) dissection and GB remnant closure. Results: A total of 105 patients who underwent LC and 46 who underwent LSC were included in the study. There were 4 bile duct injuries in the LC group and 0 in the LSC group. Bile leaks (relative risk [RR] 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-11.5) and subphrenic collections (RR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3-8.0) were more common in the LSC group. Overall postoperative morbidity did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (RR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1-9.5) and biliary stent insertion (RR 4.6, 95% CI 1.2-17.5) were more common in the LSC group. Bile leaks appeared to be more prominent with open GB remnants but all cases of leak were successfully managed with ERCP and biliary stenting. Conclusion: LSC may mitigate the risk of bile duct injury when dissection into the cystohepatic triangle is unsafe. There were more bile leaks in patients who underwent LSC; however, they were readily managed with endoscopic stents. Long-term biliary fistulae were not observed. LSC should be considered early as a means of completing difficult cholecystectomies safely without the need for cholecystostomy tube or conversion to laparotomy. Contexte : La cholécystectomie laparoscopique subtotale (CLS) peut être utilisée si une fibrose ou une inflammation étendue du triangle cystohépatique empêche l'ablation sécuritaire du canal et de l'artère cystiques. Cette étude avait pour but de comparer les résultats postopératoires chez des patients atteints de cholécystite grave ayant subi une cholécystectomie laparoscopique (CL) ou une CLS. Méthodes : Dans cette étude rétrospective, nous avons comparé les résultats postopératoires des patients atteints de cholécystite grave ayant subi une CL ou une CSL entre juillet 2010 et juillet 2016 au St. Joseph's Health Centre de Toronto. Nous avons ensuite stratifié les cas de CSL selon la proportion de la vésicule biliaire excisée et la suture du reliquat. Résultats : En tout, 105 patients ayant subi une CL et 46 une CLS ont été inclus dans l'étude. On a dénombré 4 lésions du canal cholédoque dans le groupe CL et 0 dans le groupe CLS. Les fuites biliaires (risque relatif [RR] 3,4, intervalle de confiance [IC] de 95 % 1,01-11,5) et les collections sous-diaphragmatiques (RR 3,1, IC de 95 % 1,3-8,0) ont été plus fréquentes dans le groupe CSL. Globalement, la morbidité postopératoire n'a p...