The findings showed a noticeable trend of a rising number of assaults against nurses. The findings of this study may help hospital staff and nurses to avoid, reduce and control violence and abuse.

Background: Academic achievement is one of the most important indicators in evaluating education. Various factors are known to affect the academic achievement of students. Purpose: This study was performed to assess the relationship between critical thinking skills and learning styles and the academic achievement of nursing students. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 139 sophomores to senior-year nursing students were selected using a simple random sampling method. The data were gathered using a three-part questionnaire that included a demographic questionnaire, the Kolb's Learning Style Standard Questionnaire, and the California Critical Thinking Skills Questionnaire. The previous semester's grade point average of the students was considered as a measure of academic achievement. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics in SPSS 20. Results: The mean score for critical thinking skills was 6.75 ± 2.16, and the highest and lowest scores among the critical thinking subscales related to the evaluation and analysis subscales, respectively. No relationship between critical thinking and academic achievement was identified. “Diverging” was the most common learning style. The highest mean level of academic achievement was earned by those students who adopted the “accommodating” style of learning. A significant relationship was found between learning style and academic achievement ( p < .001). Conclusions: According to the findings, the critical thinking skills score of students was unacceptably low. Therefore, it is essential to pay more attention to improving critical thinking in academic lesson planning. As a significant relationship was found between learning style and academic achievement, it is suggested that instructors consider the dominant style of each class in lesson planning and use proper teaching methods that take into consideration the dominant style.

The findings indicate that parents received a high level of support from nurses. Nurses can promote the quality of family care and should be aware of the importance of the several types of nursing support in meeting the requests of parents. It is important that nurses continue to develop their knowledge about types of communication with the family, especially in providing support for the parent role.

Urolithiasis is the third most common urinary disease and evidence shows that the incidence of urolithiasis has increased continually during the past decades. The relationship between urinary stones and diet has been known to some extent but there are different opinions about it. This research was done to determine the relationship between dietary habit, food resources intake and urinary stone disease. This is a case-control study on 161 adult patients with urinary stone disease who referred to Hasheminejad Urology Center and 254 healthy subjects who were matched with the cases for age and gender. All the subjects were interviewed through a questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS, version 14. An independent t-test, 2 -test and regression analysis were used to examine the differences. The findings showed that the intake of resources of calcium (p = 0⋅048), phosphorus (p = 0⋅001), potassium (p < 0⋅0001), vitamin A (p < 0⋅0001), vitamin D (p < 0⋅0001) and vitamin C (p = 0⋅004) was significantly lower in patients in comparison with the healthy subjects, but the intake of resources of oxalate, magnesium and vitamin B6 was not significantly different. Results showed that among food resources that were significantly different in the two groups, the resources of vitamins A, C, D, resources of calcium and potassium and liquid were significantly different, as shown by the results of the regression test. Thus findings suggest that urinary stone formation has a relationship with dietary habit. Considering the challenges of treatment and the costs of this disease, dietary recommendations may be an easy and cost-effective way to reduce the health care burden of renal stone.

Background Adherence to treatment regimen is one of the behaviors related to diabetes, which has predicted successful control of the disease and reduced its intensity as well as negative consequences. This study aimed to determine the relationship between spiritual well-being and hope, and adherence to treatment regimen in patients with type II diabetes referred to diabetes clinics. Methods In this descriptive-correlational study, 227 diabetic patients referred to healthcare centers and diabetes clinics affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were selected via cluster sampling (clinics) followed by convenience sampling (patients). The study data were collected using a demographic information form, spiritual well-being scale developed by Ellison and Paloutzian, Herth hope scale, and adherence to treatment regimen questionnaire. Then, the data were entered into the statistical software and were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The results indicated that most participants had moderate spiritual well-being, high hope, and low adherence to treatment regimen. Additionally, spiritual well-being was directly associated with hope and reversely related to adherence to treatment. A significant reverse correlation was also observed between hope and adherence to treatment. Conclusion Considering the fact that spiritual well-being and hope were reversely associated with adherence to treatment regimen, further studies should be done in this field. Also patients' image of God and their interpretations of being sick might not be appropriate and need correction.

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Objective. To evaluate the pattern of internet use and factors that facilitate or dissuade its use among nursing students from a university in Urmia, Iran.Methods. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted with 162 nursing students selected through simple random sampling.Results. The findings indicated that 49.1% of the students used the internet from 15 to 60 min per day. The principal use of the internet was to search for scientific content in the Web. Factors that facilitated internet use were “ease of use” and “Access to experts to solve problems and answer questions”, while the dissuasive factors were “lack of concentration”, “cost of internet services”, and preference for information provided by professors or available directly in textbooks. Internet use by the students was related with the use of this tool in classroom activities and with English fluency.Conclusion. Students have an internet use pattern aimed at self-study that should be strengthened with knowledge of English, assignments online, familiarization with the use of electronic databases, and other strategies to motivate them to use this technology with greater frequency.Descriptors: computers; cross-sectional studies; information technology; information storage and retrieval; Internet; students, nursing.How to cite this article: Shirazi F, Heidari S, Fard SJ, Ghodsbin F. Pattern of Internet Use by Iranian Nursing Students. Facilitators and Barriers. Invest. Educ. Enferm. 2019; 37(2):e06.ReferencesGündüz HB. Digital divide in Turkish primary schools: Sakarya sample. TOJET. 2010; 9(1)43-53. Mokhtarinoori J, Zohari S, Yaghmai F, Ebadi A, Yoldashkhan M. Study of factors relation to internet use with usage of internet by teachers according to theory of reasoned action. Iran J. Nurs. Midwifery Res. 2011; 5(19):25-36. Jacobs HL. Information literacy and reflective pedagogical praxis. J. 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