The field experiments were conducted during two consecutive rabi seasons (October – February) during 2019–20 and 2020–21 at ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute Regional Station, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India located in west central plains of India. Highest emergence of potato plants was recorded with the planting of 40 g whole tubers. Growth attributes viz. plant height (58.6 cm) and number of compound leaves (56.7) were recorded highest with 40 g seed piece/whole tuber. Planting of 120 g seed tubers, 10 cm intra row spacing and 114 days haulm cut recorded highest number of small tubers i.e. 3,43,000 ha-1, 3,07,000 ha-1 and 3,26,000 ha-1, respectively. Highest total number of tubers was recorded at 114 DAP haulm cut (9,08,000 ha-1), planting of 120 g seed tubers (9,62,000 ha-1) and 10 cm intra row spacing (8,53,000 ha-1). Highest total tuber yield was recorded with 114 DAP haulm cut (59.1 t ha-1), 120 g planted seed tubers (55.5 t ha-1) and 20 cm intra row spacing (49.7 t ha-1). Highest cost of cultivation was recorded with the use of 120 g seed (Rs. 386483 ha-1) and intra row spacing of 10 cm ` 264261 ha-1. Highest net return (Rs. 364084 ha-1) was recorded with 114 DAP haulm cut, planting with 40g seed size tubers (` 329822 ha-1) and intra row spacing of 20 cm (Rs. 322499 ha-1). Highest benefit-cost ratio was recorded with 114 DAP haulm cut (2.6) planting with 20 g seed size tubers (3.3) and intra row spacing of 20 cm (2.8).
Background and aims: Body fluids such as saliva, tears and urine from patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are well known to be infectious. However, the infectivity of internal body fluids like ascitic fluid from patients with HBV infection has not been established. So, we conducted this study to know the infectivity of ascitic fluid for hepatitis B in decompensated cirrhosis by detecting HBV DNA in it.Methods: Patients with HBV related cirrhosis with ascites were enrolled. The levels of HBV DNA in the ascitic fluid from these patients were quantified by real-time PCR, and compared with HBV DNA levels in serum. Clinical and laboratory parameters to predict HBV DNA positivity in ascitic fluid were also assessed.Results : Twenty one patients (mean age 45.43±13 years) with HBV related cirrhosis with ascites were enrolled. HBV DNA in ascitic fluid was detected in 4/21 (19 %) patients. The ascitic fluid HBV DNA levels ranged from 4.8 to 6.4 log copies/mL (mean ± SD = 5.27 ± 0.55). High levels of serum HBV DNA was significantly associated with HBV DNA detectability in ascitic fluid (p=0.001). Patients with HBV DNA detected in ascitic fluid had significantly higher serum protein levels as compared to those having undetectable HBV DNA in ascitic fluid (6.83 ± 0.33 versus 5.70 ± 0.77 g/dl, p=0.011). Conclusions : HBV DNA is detectable in ascitic fluid in about one fifth of HBV related cirrhosis patients with ascites so it may not be considered an important source for HBV transmission. High serum HBV DNA and high serum protein levels were positively associated with HBV DNA detectability in ascitic fluid.
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