A new analytical method for determining all diode parameters using dark characteristics of a silicon solar cell is presented. This method has an advantage because the low- and high-voltage regions of the dark forward I-V characteristics of silicon solar cells can be described accurately by single-diode model, and only for the middle voltage region that the double-diode model may need to be applied. In view of this, a new methodology for the determination of series resistance Rs has been presented in this work, which uses only I, V values of four nearby points in the forward dark I-V characteristics and does not require knowledge of any other diode parameters. Applying the single- and double-diode models, the methodologies for determination of reverse saturation currents and ideality factors (I0, n for single diode model) and (I01, n1 and I02, n2 for the double diode model) have been described. The present method of measurement of the diode parameters was applied to three silicon solar cells. Theoretical I-V curves generated using so determined values of diode parameters (Rs, Rsh, I01, n1 and I02, n2) matched excellently well with the experimental I-V characteristics of the cells obtained under dark conditions and under simulated AM1.5G solar radiation up to 50 mW cm-2 intensity. We found that for higher intensities of illumination, while all other parameters remain constant, the value of I01,which is a representative parameter of bulk recombination, is slightly decreased with the increase in intensity.
BACKGROUND Poor Knowledge and practices of diabetes can lead to progression of disease related complications, which can be prevented by proper education and patient involvement. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE To evaluate knowledge, self care practices and attitude of patients towards the disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was done at dept. of medicine, mayo institute of medical sciences, Barabanki between Oct., to Dec., 2015. The study included 100 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients of varying duration. Patient's knowledge, their self-care practices and attitude towards the diabetes were investigated using preapproved questionnaire. RESULTS Mean age of study population was 53.84±9.49 years with 54% men and 46% women. Most of the patients (53%) had good formal education, 45% patient's had family history of diabetes whereas 48% had acceptable glycaemic control. Most of the patients in present study showed a significant knowledge related to symptoms of diabetes, symptoms of hypoglycaemia, condition leading to hypoglycaemia, life study modification whereas many had poor knowledge regarding normal fasting level, insulin therapy, the proper way of mixing, right time to take insulin injection, diet plan, diet during infection, compromised immunity in diabetes and regular exercise program. Most of the patients were following good diabetes practice and 75% had positive attitude towards the disease. CONCLUSION The present study had showed that patients who regularly followed self-care practices and had sound knowledge regarding the disease, achieved better glycaemic control.
Introduction: Ovarian cancer accounts for 6% of all cancers in the female and is the fifth most common form of cancer in women which is caused by amplification of HER2/neu gene and it is widely studied most of the cancer but in gynecologic neoplasms it not well established biomarkerhence the study is carried out to analyse incidence of ovarian carcinoma in the local population and analysed relationship of HER2/neu positive cases with the histological type of ovarian tumour. Materials and Methods:The present study was an observational study. A total of 30 cases were studied and systematically evaluated the HER2/neu reactions by histopathological and immunohistochemical study done in Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh. Result: Majority of the cases of ovarian carcinomas fell in the age group of 30-50 years with premenopausal age group followed by menopausal age group. Surface epithelial tumours were the most frequently encountered carcinomas in the present study in 50% of the cases followed by granulosa cell tumour in 20% of the cases. Conclusion: Present study emphasized the HER2/neu reactivity in ovarian carcinomas. 76.7% of the cases were negative for HER2/neu. Positivity was noted in 23.3% cases.
Poor self care practices of diabetes can lead to progression of disease and related complications. The main aim in present study was done to evaluate self care practices and attitude of diabetic patients towards the disease. The present study was done from Oct 2015 to Dec 2015 including 100 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Their self care practices and attitude towards the disease were investigated using preapproved questionnaire. In results the Mean age of study population was 53.84±9.49 years with 54% men and 46% women. There was a significant relationship between self care practices like seeing diabetes educator, more clinical visits, routine retina and kidney examination and attitude towards the diabetes are directly associated with glycaemic control (p<0.05). Patients performing periodic feet, retina, heart and kidney examination and SMBG were having similar glycaemic control (p>0.05). in conclusion Self care practices like seeing diabetes educator, more clinical visits, routine retina and routine kidney examination along with attitude towards the diabetes can help the patients to improve the disease and delay the associated complication.
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