Background and Purpose-The close relationship between stroke and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been well-documented. However, few studies have focused on silent brain infarction (SBI) in CKD. We investigated the prevalence of SBI in different stages of CKD. Methods-We included 1312 participants aged 30 to 93 years who came from either a random sample of residents or from a group of physically examined subjects in the same community. Basic information, clinical evaluations, laboratory tests, and MRI images were assessed. Subjects were divided into groups 1, 2, 3a, and 3b, corresponding to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels of Ն90.0, 60.0 to 89.9, 45.0 to 59.9, and 30.0 to 44.9 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . Results-The crude prevalence was 4.7%: 2.6% (20 of 759 subjects) in group 1; 6.3% (32 of 506) in group 2; 12.9% (4 of 31) in group 3a; and 37.5% (6 of 16) in group 3b (PϽ0.001). Additionally, SBI also correlated with age, male sex, hypertension, diabetes, moderate carotid plaque, higher blood pressures, obesity, and levels of triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and uric acid (all PϽ0.05).
Objectives: Asians and Pacific Islanders have higher circulating serum ferritin (SF) compared with Caucasians but the clinical significance of this is unclear. There is a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Taiwanese Indigenous than Han Chinese. Genetically, Indigenous are related to Austronesians and account for 2 % of Taiwan's population. We tested the hypothesis that accumulation of Fe in the body contributes to the ethnic/racial disparities in MetS in Taiwan. Design: A population-based, cross-sectional study. Setting: National Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan and Penghu Island. Subjects: A total of 2638 healthy adults aged $19 years. Three ethnic groups were included. Results: Han Chinese and Indigenous people had comparable levels of SF. Austronesia origin was independently associated with MetS (OR 5 2?61, 95 % CI 2?02, 3?36). After multiple adjustments, the odds for MetS (OR 5 2?49, 95 % CI 1?15, 5?28) was significantly higher among Indigenous people in the highest SF tertile compared with those in the lowest tertile. Hakka and Penghu Islanders yielded the lowest risks (OR 5 1?08, 95 % CI 0?44, 2?65 and OR 5 1?21, 95 % CI 0?52, 2?78, respectively). Indigenous people in the highest SF tertile had increased risk for abnormal levels of fasting glucose (OR 5 2?34, 95 % CI 1?27, 4?29), TAG (OR 5 1?94, 95 % CI 1?11, 3?39) and HDL-cholesterol (OR 5 2?10, 95 % CI 1?18, 3?73) than those in the lowest SF tertile. Conclusions: Our results raise the possibility that ethnic/racial differences in body Fe store susceptibility may contribute to racial and geographic disparities in MetS.
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