Regional integrated energy systems (IESs) have emerged to satisfy the increasing diversified energy demand in Tibet. However, limited resource allocation of a given IES can occur because of the uncertainty in the output and prediction error of distributed renewable energy (DRE). A distributionally robust optimization (DRO) model was proposed for the joint operation of multiple regional IESs, and multi-energy sharing and multi-energy flow coupling of electricity, heat, and oxygen were considered. The probability distribution of the DRE output was described using 1− norm and ∞− norm constraints, and the minimum operating cost under adverse scenarios was determined through DRO. Furthermore, on the premise of ensuring cluster profit, a pricing mechanism of the energy supply within the cluster was proposed. Finally, a typical model involving eight cases was established and analyzed. The results revealed that multi-energy sharing and multi-energy flow coupling improved the economy of IES cluster operation and realized the coordination of robustness and economy. The energy supply price within the cluster enhanced enthusiasm on the demand side.
This study proposes a novel integrated energy system (IES) cluster optimization structure that uses multi-energy sharing, multi-Nash games, and asymmetric profit allocation according to the energy supply demand and energy development planning for Tibet. First, it integrates clean energy units such as concentrated solar power, power to hydrogen to power, and vacuum pressure swing adsorption to build a novel IES including electricity, heat, and oxygen. Second, multiple novel IESs are combined to form an IES cluster and the IES cluster is divided into three stages of optimization: the first stage is to achieve optimal multi-energy sharing under cluster optimization, the second stage is to conduct multi-Nash games to achieve optimal sharing cost, and the third stage is to conduct asymmetric profit allocation. Finally, the case study is conducted and the results show that the multi-Nash games and asymmetric profit allocation can effectively improve the renewable energy consumption of the IES cluster, reduce the operation cost of the cluster, and reduce the cost of multi-energy sharing compared to only considering the cluster energy supply price as the sharing price, thereby improving the economy of multi-energy sharing.
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