Electric conduction in thin graphite film was tuned by two gate electrodes to
clarify how the gate electric field induces electric carriers in thin graphite.
The graphite was sandwiched between two gate electrodes arranged in a top and
bottom gate configuration. A scan of the top gate voltage generates a
resistance peak in ambiploar response. The ambipolar peak is shifted by the
bottom gate voltage, where the shift rate depends on the graphite thickness.
The thickness-dependent peak shift was clarified in terms of the inter-layer
screening length to the electric field in the double-gated graphite film. The
screening length of 1.2 nm was experimentally obtained.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. To be published in Applied Physics Expres
Ultra-early surgical treatment in which associated brain injury is minimized and maximal volume of hematoma is removed shortly after onset with secure hemostasis is expected to be established. We developed a transparent guiding sheath and other surgical instruments for endoscopic surgery and established a novel, ultra-early stage surgical procedure using those instruments. This procedure has the following characteristics: (a) burr hole opening under local anesthesia is possible; (b) a transparent sheath improves the visualization of the surgical field in the parenchyma and the hematoma; (c) free-hand surgery without fixing an endoscope and a sheath to a frame facilitates three-dimensional operation; (d) secure hemostasis by electric coagulation is possible; (e) relatively simple surgical instruments are easy to prepare. We have performed this procedure in 82 patients with intracerebral or intraventricular hemorrhage (44 with putaminal hemorrhage, 12 with thalamic hemorrhage, 8 with subcortical hemorrhage, 8 with cerebellar hemorrhage, 10 with intraventricular hemorrhage). Twenty-four of those patients received our treatment in the ultra-early stage (within 3 hours after onset). The mean duration of surgery was 63 minutes, the mean hematoma reduction rate was 96%, and no peri-operative hemorrhage with deterioration of symptoms and/or signs occurred. Therefore, we believe that endoscopic hematoma evacuation with our surgical procedure is a promising ultra-early stage treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage and that it may improve the long-term prognosis in patents with intracerebral hemorrhage.
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