Background:Epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of dairy product plays an important role in prevention and treatment of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS).Objectives:The objective of this study was to examine the association of dairy intake with MetS and its components in Tehranian adolescents.Patients and Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 785 adolescent aged 10 to 19 years, participated from the fourth phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a valid semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Total dairy, low fat and high fat dairy, milk, yoghurt and cheese were evaluated. Assessment of anthropometric, biochemical and blood pressure was performed and MetS was defined according to the de Ferranti criteria.Results:The mean age of subjects was 14.8 ± 2.9 years. The prevalence of MetS was 22.2% (girls: 19.5% and boys: 25.2%). The most prevalent risk factor for MetS in boys was high waist circumference (53.4%) and among girls was low HDL-C (53.1%). Energy density and intake of protein, total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, calcium and phosphor were higher in the highest quartile of dairy consumption than the lowest quartile. After adjustments for confounders, odds ratios with 95% confidence interval for MetS in the highest quartile of total dairy, low fat dairy, high fat dairy, milk, yoghurt and cheese compared with lowest quartile were respectively 0.97 (0.57 - 1.66), 1.44 (0.83 - 2.49), 0.97 (0.56 - 1.67), 0.70 (0.42 - 1.18), 1.62 (0.99 - 2.64) and 0.72 (0.44 - 1.18).Conclusions:Results of this study did not support the hypothesis that dairy products consumption protects against MetS and its components.

Background and aim. This study was conducted to investigate the association of consumption of nuts and dried fruits with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components adolescents. Material and Methods. In this crosssectional study was conducted in 785 adolescents, aged 10-19 y, participated in the fourth phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Demographics, anthropometrics and biochemical measurements were evaluated. MetS and its components were defined based on a modified definition of de Ferranti. Usual dietary intakes were assessed using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dried fruits and nuts were included dried figs, raisins, dried berries, peanuts, almonds, walnuts, pistachios, hazelnuts and seeds. To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in quartiles of dried fruits and nuts consumption, logistic regression models adjusted for confounding variables were used. Results. Mean age and body mass index of participants (47% male) was 14.8±2.9 years, and 22.1 ± 4.7 kg/m2, respectively. The prevalence of MetS was 22.2% (girls: 19.5% and boys: 25.2%). In the highest compared to lowest quartile of nuts and dried fruits, the prevalence of lipid disorders, abdominal obesity and MetS was non-significantly lower. Serum triglycerides significantly decreased across increasing consumption of nuts and dried fruits (P<0.05). After adjustment for confounding variables, the odds of MetS in the highest compared to the lowest quartile of nuts and dried fruits were 0.65 (95% CI: 0.4-1.1). Conclusion. Increased consumption of nuts and dried fruits could have favorable effect in prevention of metabolic syndrome and its components.

Background:Malnutrition is prevalent among patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and causes various complications. Dietary supplementation to provide appropriate nutritional support may reduce the malnutrition and complications through improvement in nutritional status. This study was carried out to assess the association between dietary supplementation and malnutrition among patients in ICUs.Methods:A case–control study was conducted on 180 male patients aged 20–60 years in the ICUs of the hospitals in Ahvaz, Iran in 2013. Data of two groups including 83 patients (cases) who had consumed regular hospital meals and dietary supplements and 97 patients (controls) who had received regular hospital meals were compared. Anthropometric measurements, laboratory values, and dietary intakes were extracted from medical records, and Maastricht index (MI) was calculated. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 21. T-test and paired-sample t-test were used to determine the difference between groups.Results:Taking supplements increased daily energy intake, carbohydrate, and protein in case group (n = 83) significantly (P < 0.05). MI changed to 3.1 ± 3.8 and 4.3 ± 4.2 in case (n = 83) and control (n = 97) groups, respectively. Although the MI fell in both groups, it showed a greater reduction in case group (from 6.3 ± 5.3 to 3.1 ± 3.8).Conclusions:Since consuming dietary supplements besides the regular hospital meals increased intake of energy and macronutrients and reduced the MI significantly, it was concluded that it helped supply nutritional requirements more effectively and improved the malnutrition in ICU.