Introduction: Sex determination is one of the principle indicators of identity. The skull is the second best part of the skeleton to be used for sex determination after the pelvis. Sex determination from cranial fragments becomes essential especially when only a part of the skull is brought for identification. Aim: The present study was aimed to demonstrate the sexual dimorphism of the orbit and the foramen magnum (FM) in a sample of Egyptian population in order to increase the number of parameters used for identification, and by consequence, the accuracy when these parameters are combined with each other. Subjects and Methods: The present study was done on 300 cranial CT scans of known gender, 168 males and 132 females, with age ranged from 18 to 65 years, who presented to the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Menoufia University for head computed tomography (CT) as indicated in the course of their management for diagnostic purpose from January to October 2019. The data were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: The results showed that the orbital height, width and index differences between males and females were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Significant difference was also observed in FM transverse diameter, FM anteroposterior diameter and FM area. Tetragonal shape of FM was the most common in both sexes of the study sample. Conclusion: The present study shows that Foramen magnum and orbital variables can be considered along with the other parameters of the skull for sex determination in forensic analysis.
Introduction: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is frequently used as a flavoring agent and taste enhancer in processed modern foods. Aim of study: to assess the effects of MSG on the renal cortex and renal indices of rats and to investigate the possible protective effect of curcumin (biochemically, histologically and immunohistochemically). Material and methodology: for this study, 40 adult male albino rats (10 in each group) were used, first group (control) was given 2 ml / kg olive oil, second group received 100 mg/kg curcumin (CUR) dissolved in 2 mL/kg olive oil once daily, third group orally received 4 g/kg of MSG once daily for 14 days dissolved in distilled water and the fourth one orally received the same doses of CUR and MSG mentioned above once daily for 14 days. Blood and renal samples were collected from each group then analyzed. Results: MSG caused significant increase in urea, creatinine and renal malondialdehyde while, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were decreased. Additionally, the histopathological deterioration matched with the biochemical analysis. Curcumin caused improvement of the alterations induced by MSG. Conclusion: MSG caused impairment of renal function by inducing oxidative damage, however, curcumin protected against MSG-induced nephrotoxicity by its antioxidative properties.
Background: There is a worldwide increase in the prevalence of assaulted penetrating thoracic and abdominal trauma which may lead to disabilities and death. Aim: To describe the pattern and predictors of outcome in assaulted penetrating thoracic and abdominal trauma. Methods: A two years prospective study was conducted on 123 patients with assaulted penetrating thoracic and abdominal trauma who were admitted to Menoufia University Hospital during the period from the 1 st January 2017 to the 31 th December 2018. For each case, demographic data, circumstances of trauma were taken. Also, general and local examination of injury was performed and findings in penetrating wounds were reported after investigation and surgical explorations. Outcome of cases either death or survived was determined. Results: Abdominal injuries constituted 58.5% while thoracic injury was presented (31.7%) of cases. The most frequent subjects aged from 20-<30 years (46.3%), males (95.1%) and stab was the most common cause of injury (90.3%).The intestinal injury was the most frequently injured organ (16.3%) followed by spleen (12.2).The majority of patients survived (90.2%) and only 9.8% died. Mechanical ventilation, hypotension, delayed time for hospital arrival, gunshot injury, organ injury, hemoperitoneum and combined thoracic and abdominal injuries were the most predicting factor for mortality in the studied cases Conclusion: Penetrating thoracic and abdominal injuries caused by assault were common among middle aged single males and caused by stab. Delayed hospital arrival, hypotension and combined thoracic and abdominal injuries and gunshot trauma were predictors of death among the studied cases. The overall outcome was satisfactory. Recommendations: Rapid emergency transport of victims and rapid resuscitation should help to reduce the mortality from penetrating thoracic and abdominal injuries. Also, preventive strategies focused on reduction of violent crimes and social conflicts were necessary.
Background: kerosene is a common cause of childhood poisoning specially in low and middleincome countries. Complications are primarily related to pulmonary aspiration which is a significant contributor to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. Objectives: To study the clinical profile of kerosene poisoning in children presented to Menoufia Poison Control Centre and to identify patients who need ICU admission. Methods: a prospective study including children presented to Menoufia Poison Control Center with acute kerosene poisoning during the period of three years from 2018 to 2020. Results: During the study period, a total number of 154 children were admitted. Male children were 56.5% and females represent 43.5%. More than half of cases (52.6%) were less than 3 years. The majority of cases were from rural areas (76.6%). All cases were exposed to kerosene orally and 24.9% had combined oral and dermal exposure. ICU admitted cases had longer period of hospitalization and presented mainly by tachypnea, hypoxemia and chest retractions.
Conclusion:Respiratory system is mainly affected in kerosene poisoning. Patients presenting with respiratory distress, moderate or severe grades of PSS, hypoxemia on presentation should be admitted to the ICU. Community education is necessary to reduce this preventable poisoning in children.
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