Nutrition and lifestyle have a great impact on reproduction and infertility in humans, as they are essential for certain processes such as implantation, placental growth, angiogenesis, and the transfer of nutrients from the mother to the fetus. The aim of this review is to provide the interconnection between nutrition and reproductive health through the insight of omics approaches (including metabolomics and nutrigenomics). The effect of various macronutrients, micronutrients, and some food‐associated components on male and female reproduction was discussed. Recent research work was collected through database search from 2010 to 2020 to identify eligible studies. Alterations of metabolic pathways in pregnant women were deliberated with an emphasis on different strategies of lifestyle and dietary interventions. Several nutritional methods, which are important for embryonic and child neurological development, nutritional supplements to lactation, and improved gestational length along with birth weight have been emphasized. Considerable advances in omics strategies show potential technological development for improving human reproductive health.

Owing to its difficulty in degrading and ease of accumulation in the body, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has a detrimental effect on reproduction. This study aimed to examine the effect of PFOA concentration in follicular fluid during ovulation stimulation on embryo quality and the impact of PFOA exposure on the metabolic components of follicular fluid. This was a single-center prospective study that included 25 patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), 25 with normal ovarian reserve (NOR), and 25 with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Follicular fluid samples were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We demonstrated that the PFOA levels of follicular fluid in the DOR group were higher than those in the NOR group and PCOS group (P < 0.05). PFOA concentration in the PCOS group was negatively correlated with high-quality embryos (P < 0.05). To gain more insight into the impact of PFOA on the metabolic composition of follicular fluid, we classified the DOR group based on the PFOA concentration, for which metabolomic analysis was performed. In the high-concentration PFOA group, there was an increase and a decrease in three and nine metabolites, respectively, compared to that in the low-concentration group. These results suggest that PFOA may alter the metabolic composition of follicular fluid, thus, affecting ovarian reserve function.

To remove carbamazepine (CBZ) from aqueous environment, the method of using activated carbon fiber as a cathode with enhanced electric/ferric iron/peroxydisulfate (ACF-E/ Fe 3+ /PDS) process was studied. The highest CBZ removal ratio of 97.76% was achieved in 30 min, which was unchanged after 10 cycles of ACF in the ACF-E/Fe 3+ /PDS process. Meanwhile, the concentration of total iron ions in the effluent decreased as it was deposited on the ACF surface. The results of free radical inhibition experiments revealed that sulfate radical (SO 4 −• ) played the leading role in the removal of CBZ. Compared with the E/Fe 3+ /PDS process, the electrical energy consumption was significantly reduced by 8 times in the ACF-E/Fe 3+ /PDS process. In addition, the toxicities of CBZ and its byproducts were reduced in the ACF-E/ Fe 3+ /PDS process by the toxicity test. Therefore, the ACF-E/Fe 3+ /PDS process can be used as a sustainable, efficient, and lowtoxicity method for the treatment of pollutants in water.

Background: Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) which released from cells upon fusion of an intermediate endocytic compartment with the plasma membrane. As well, they refer to the intraluminal vesicles released from the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. The contents and number of exosomes are related to diseases such as metabolic diseases, cancer, inflammatory diseases. Exosomes have been used in neurological research as a drug delivery tool and also as biomarkers for diseases. Recently exosomes were observed in the seminal plasma of the one who is asthenozoospermia, which can affect sperm motility and capacitation. Objective: The main objective in this review is to deeply discuss the role of exosomes in spermatozoa after leaving the seminiferous tubule. Method: We conducted an extensive search of the literature available on relationships between exosomes and exosomes in spermatozoa on the bibliographic database. Conclusion: This review thoroughly discussed the role that exosomes play in the exchange of spermatozoa after leaving the seminiferous tubule and its potential as a drug delivery tool and biomarkers for diseases as well.