A “middle phase” microemulsion, which bicontinuously composed of saline and toluene microphases, with sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and n-butanol was electrochemically characterized. When electrochemistry was performed in the “middle phase” microemulsion, reversible redox peaks of the Fe(CN)6 ion in the micro water phase and the ferrocene in the micro toluene phase could be observed simultaneously, although the electrolyte was present only in the water phase.
The electrochemical contact with the micro aqueous phase and the micro organic solvent phase in the “middle phase” microemulsion, in which the water phase and the oil phase bicontinuously coexist on a microscopic scale, was alternatively or simultaneously achieved by controlling the hydrophilicity and lipophilicity on electrode surfaces.
Laser Thomson scattering (LTS) was applied to arc discharges generated in the atmosphere to measure electron density (n e ) and electron temperature (T e ). The electrode gap was 0.8 mm, and the electrode diameter was 1 mm. The applied voltage was 6 kV, the peak current was 600 A, and the decay time of the voltage and current was 25 μs. The spatiotemporal evolution of n e and T e was measured 10, 30, and 50 μs after discharge initiation. At these times, the obtained values of n e and T e were estimated to be in the ranges of (0.8 to 2.0) × 10 23 m −3 and 1.0 to 2.2 eV, respectively. These values were consistent with those evaluated using Saha's thermodynamic equation at 1 atm. It was also found that the decay of the arc discharge produced using the tungsten-copper electrodes was much faster than that produced using the tungsten electrodes. C⃝ 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 188(4): 1-8, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com).
SUMMARY
Laser Thomson scattering (LTS) was applied to arc discharges generated in the atmosphere to measure electron density (ne) and electron temperature (Te). The electrode gap was 0.8 mm, and the electrode diameter was 1 mm. The applied voltage was 6 kV, the peak current was 600 A, and the decay time of the voltage and current was 25 μs. The spatiotemporal evolution of ne and Te was measured 10, 30, and 50 μs after discharge initiation. At these times, the obtained values of ne and Te were estimated to be in the ranges of (0.8 to 2.0) × 1023 m−3 and 1.0 to 2.2 eV, respectively. These values were consistent with those evaluated using Saha's thermodynamic equation at 1 atm. It was also found that the decay of the arc discharge produced using the tungsten–copper electrodes was much faster than that produced using the tungsten electrodes.
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